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The Iran war has exposed the fragility of the global energy system as countries remain dependent on fossil fuels. Could renewables like wind, solar, hydropower and photovoltaic shield people from the shock?
Global tensions have triggered an energy crisis reminiscent of the 1970s, exposing how dependent the world still is on fossil fuels.
Experts warn that disruptions like the current war involving Iran highlight the fragility of global supply chains and key chokepoints such as the Strait of Hormuz, where a fifth of global oil and LNG normally pass.
Today, around 80% of global energy still comes from fossil fuels, leaving economies vulnerable to shocks. Yet renewables are gaining ground: in 2025, wind and solar for the first time supplied more electricity to the EU than fossil fuels, driven by falling costs and rapid expansion.
Countries like Spain and Portugal already cover much of their demand with green energy, showing how a decentralized, resilient power system could reduce future risks.

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