As renewable technologies become more common on the grid, they will need to provide a range of essential reliability services. NLR researchers are working with vendors, integrators, and utilities to develop and evaluate photovoltaic (PV) power plants with advanced grid-friendly capabilities.

In this example of a 300-MW PV plant providing ancillary service, the plant is curtailed (orange trace) to operate 30 MW below its peak power (green trace) so it can follow the automatic generation control set point (red trace) sent by the system operator.
As California marches toward fulfilling—and likely exceeding—its renewable portfolio standard, grid operators are beginning to face operational challenges that could have implications for renewable generators in ancillary service markets. In this project, NLR’s strategic partnership with California Independent System Operator (CAISO) and First Solar resulted in the implementation and testing of grid-friendly controls on a 300-MW PV power plant in CAISO’s footprint. NLR, CAISO, and First Solar conducted demonstration tests that used the advanced capabilities of modern PV power plants to provide essential reliability services to the CAISO power system.
Similar projects were conducted in 2015 at a 20-MW PV plant in Puerto Rico and a 22-MW PV plant in West Texas. These projects demonstrated that utility-scale PV can provide grid services that impact system reliability. The Puerto Rico project, especially, demonstrated the ability of PV generation to provide frequency regulation for the whole island system. Together, these demonstration projects help bridge gaps in perspective among stakeholder groups.
Demonstration of Essential Reliability Services by a 300-MW Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant, NLR Technical Report (2017)
Advanced Grid-Friendly Controls Demonstration Project for Utility-Scale PV Power Plants, NLR Technical Report (2016)
Vahan Gevorgian
Chief Engineer
[email protected]
303-384-6940
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Last Updated Dec. 6, 2025
The National Laboratory of the Rockies is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Critical Minerals and Energy Innovation, operated under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308.

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