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Researchers at the University of Exeter have developed a prototype smart window that integrates photovoltaic modules with a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film. According to a report in pv magazine, the system is designed to offer both controllable transparency and electricity generation.
The technology uses a PDLC film, which switches between opaque and transparent states when an electric field is applied. Two specific configurations were tested, one with the PDLC layer facing the sun first and another with the photovoltaic layer facing outward. Both arrangements demonstrated similar heat transfer and solar heat gain coefficients, with a minor performance variation when the photovoltaic layer was positioned on the exterior.
The prototype units measured 0.3 by 0.21 meters and incorporated six photovoltaic cells. Testing under simulated sunlight showed that in its transparent state, the system allowed 62 percent of solar transmission. In this state, the visual performance metrics were high, and the solar heat gain coefficient was measured at 0.54. When switched to its opaque state, solar transmission decreased to 42 percent and the solar heat gain coefficient lowered to 0.43.
The results indicate the combined system could provide a multifunctional building facade component. By integrating switchable transparency, solar protection, and power generation into a single window unit, the approach may contribute to reduced building energy use and improved occupant comfort. The research was detailed in the Journal of Building Engineering, with further work planned to develop larger prototypes and assess long-term real-world performance.
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