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Study Shows TOPCon Modules Outperform BC Technology in Power Generation Photograph: (Archive)
A four-year field study conducted at China’s National Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Demonstration Platform in Daqing has found that N-type TOPCon solar modules consistently outperformed N-type Back Contact (BC) modules in power generation, with the performance gap widening over time.
Located in Heilongjiang Province, the Daqing testing base operates under challenging climatic conditions characterized by low temperatures and high solar irradiance. The site, which has an average annual temperature of 5.5°C and irradiance levels ranging from 900 W/m² to 1,000 W/m², is widely regarded as a representative environment for evaluating the long-term performance, reliability and environmental resilience of photovoltaic technologies.
The first phase of the demonstration project was commissioned in January 2022 and brought together 12 photovoltaic manufacturers and 29 module products with a combined installed capacity of 24.25 MW. The project has since generated four years of continuous operational data under real-world conditions.
According to the latest evaluation, N-type TOPCon modules delivered an average power generation gain of 2.27% per watt compared with N-type BC modules over the four-year monitoring period.
The study also found that the performance advantage of TOPCon technology increased over time. TOPCon modules recorded a power generation gain of 1.39% in 2022, which rose to 2.68% in 2023 and further increased to 3.49% in 2025.
The findings suggest that TOPCon modules not only maintain stable long-term operational performance but also demonstrate sustained improvements in energy yield over extended deployment periods, potentially translating into higher lifetime returns for project developers and asset owners.
The report further highlighted notable performance differences within the TOPCon segment itself. According to the analysis, the gap in power generation between leading TOPCon products and standard TOPCon modules can reach around 2%, underscoring the importance of manufacturing quality, process control and technological expertise in determining field performance.
Among the products evaluated, JinkoSolar’s Tiger Neo series was identified as one of the leading performers. The company attributed the results to its large-scale commercialization of N-type TOPCon technology, mature manufacturing processes and continuous product optimization efforts.
The findings come amid growing competition between TOPCon, BC and other next-generation photovoltaic technologies as manufacturers seek to improve module efficiency, energy yield and long-term project economics.
Industry observers say the Daqing results provide valuable real-world operating data at a time when developers and investors are increasingly focusing on lifetime energy production rather than laboratory efficiency records alone when evaluating solar technologies.
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