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The global race to enhance solar cell performance has reached a significant milestone with the development of high-efficiency perovskite solar modules. Traditionally, perovskite technology has struggled with environmental instability and scaling issues, often relying on ammonium halide passivators (AHPs) that suffer from chemical and thermal degradation. A research team has now successfully fabricated a module with an aperture area of 810 cm² that achieves a record-breaking power conversion efficiency of 24.0%, a result independently confirmed by TÜV SÜD.
The core innovation lies in the use of chemically stable lead carboxylate passivators (LCPs) based on lead dioleate. Unlike conventional methods, LCP treatment produces uniform, hydrophobic films that exhibit superior resistance to moisture, thermal stress, and ultraviolet degradation. The researchers utilized a formamidinium (FAI)-enriched surface, which enabled a chemically bonded passivation layer, reducing carrier trapping and increasing carrier lifetime from 264 ns to 706 ns.
Under standard test conditions, the champion module achieved an efficiency of 24.2%, with a certified 24.0% efficiency. It recorded an open-circuit voltage of 53.46 V, a short-circuit current of 0.436 A, and a fill factor of 83.40%. Furthermore, the team fabricated 150 modules with an area of 0.72 m², achieving an average power output of 144 W, with the best unit reaching 22.0% efficiency. Crucially, the LCP modules demonstrated exceptional durability, retaining 96% of initial efficiency after 2,200 hours of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation.
For EPC contractors and solar developers in India, this development signals a potential shift in the long-term technology roadmap. While silicon-based TOPCon technology currently dominates the market, the superior specific energy yields and proven environmental resistance of LCP-modified perovskites suggest that these modules could eventually offer a higher return on investment for large-scale utility projects. The ability to pass IEC 61215 reliability requirements is a critical step toward bankability for new solar technologies.
The research team is now focused on scaling these results to mass production. As the India renewable energy sector continues to expand its capacity toward ambitious 2030 targets, the integration of next-generation materials like perovskites will be essential to maximize land-use efficiency and reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Developers should monitor the commercial availability of these modules, as they could redefine performance standards for future solar tenders in the country.
Aditya Pathre is the Founder of MVApulse and covers India’s renewable energy sector, including solar, wind, battery energy storage systems (BESS), green hydrogen, transmission infrastructure, renewable energy policy and competitive bidding. His reporting focuses on project developments, market trends, government policies and energy transition across India.
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