China’s Ministry of Commerce (Mofcom) and Ministry of Science and Technology on October 16 published Joint Announcement No. 48 of 2026, proposing to add 12 photovoltaic (PV) technologies to the country’s Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited or Restricted from Export. The public consultation runs until November 15. 
The bans and licensing requirements have not yet taken effect, but an interim registration requirement came into force on October 16. It requires companies to register planned exports of listed technologies through Mofcom’s online system, covering intellectual property transfers, overseas technology licensing, ownership or control changes involving foreign entities, and transactions that are underway but not completed.
Under Chinese regulations, prohibited technologies cannot be exported, while restricted technologies require government approval and licences. Mofcom said the proposals address national security concerns, citing PV applications in aerospace and defence. It said technologies below the stated thresholds and finished products are outside scope, and that the measures do not target any particular country, region or company. The controls target manufacturing technologies, not exports of finished modules.
Prohibited technologies
The prohibited list includes production processes and equipment manufacturing know-how for perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells based on wafers of at least 182 mm that achieve conversion efficiencies of 30% or higher. It also covers slot-die coating processes for perovskites with coating widths of at least 1.1 metres.
On modules, the proposal covers single-junction perovskite modules of at least 1 square metre with efficiencies of 18% or higher, and perovskite tandem modules of the same minimum area with efficiencies of at least 28%.
In polysilicon, it covers cold-hydrogenation fluidized-bed processes for trichlorosilane production with single-line capacities of at least 250,000 metric tons annually, and silane-based fluidized-bed processes with annual capacities of at least 20,000 metric tons. It also covers processes for silicon wafers no thicker than 70 micrometres and certain edge-passivation technologies for thin crystalline-silicon cells, along with related equipment manufacturing know-how.
Restricted technologies
Restricted-export technologies include polysilicon plant engineering for production lines of at least 30,000 metric tons annually, and advanced crystal-pulling and wafer-cutting processes. They also include specified high-performance manufacturing processes for TOPCon, back-contact and heterojunction (HJT) cells, covering deposition, passivation, diffusion and metallization. The HJT provisions include certain p-type technologies evaluated under air mass zero conditions, which are relevant to space applications.
Industry implications
If adopted, the controls could limit overseas access to China’s most sophisticated PV production technologies. While finished cell and module exports are unaffected, transfers of manufacturing know-how through licensing, overseas line installation and commissioning, equipment exports and on-site technical support could be prohibited or require approval.
In the near term, this could delay overseas PV manufacturing projects and raise compliance costs. Over the longer term, it could slow efforts by overseas manufacturers to close the technology gap. Tighter controls could also complicate Chinese manufacturers’ international expansion and heighten trade tensions.
India impact
China controls 75-95% of the global solar PV supply chain, including 91% of polysilicon and over 97% of wafers. India, despite some decline in dependence, still relies on China for over 50% of its solar cells and modules, with imports worth nearly $4 billion in FY2024.
India lacks manufacturing strength in upstream components such as polysilicon and ingots, and efforts to build local capacity face cost and technology barriers. The proposed restrictions would highlight India’s dependence on imported capital equipment and critical technological know-how, and could make the development of domestic solar manufacturing more difficult.  
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