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Researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the University of Valencia developed a solvent-free close-space sublimation (CSS) process for perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells. The vacuum-based method deposits uniform perovskite layers on textured silicon surfaces within 10 minutes. The process was tested on smooth, nano-structured, and micro-structured silicon subcells without changing process parameters. Tandem solar cells produced through the method achieved efficiencies of 23.5%, 23.7%, and 24.3% respectively. The researchers controlled the perovskite band gap at 1.64 electronvolts by adjusting bromine content using mixed organic precursor materials. The study involved additional collaboration with CONICET–UNL in Argentina and Université Grenoble Alpes/CEA-LITEN in France. The findings were published in Nature Energy.
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