Sophia University and others have replaced lead with tin, simultaneously improving the durability and conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. This achievement is expected to advance the practical application of perovskite cells with lower environmental burden and high safety.
Perovskite cells absorb light through layers formed by atoms such as iodine and lead that create a special crystal structure. Since the lead contained in this structure is a toxic substance, researchers have been working on replacing lead with tin, which has similar properties. However, tin is prone to oxidation, which disrupts the crystal structure, so balancing conversion efficiency and durability has remained a challenge to be solved.
The research team designed the perovskite layer as a structure in which conductive layers composed of tin and iodine alternate with non-conductive organic molecular layers. By introducing organic molecular layers, the ingress of water and oxygen can be blocked, thereby improving durability.
Although the method of introducing organic molecular layers improves durability, it increases electrical resistance and tends to cause a decline in conversion efficiency. To address this, the research team suppressed the efficiency decline by adding additives. According to reports, this method prevents tin oxidation and maintains approximately 85% of the initial performance even after 100 days.
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