Solar Now

Nomads to farmers: Pastoralists are ditching livestock for solar farming  Daily Nation
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LIC delivers strong Q2 performance, IDBI Bank disinvestment unlikely to hit bancass…
NSE to overhaul closing auction session, extend derivatives trading hours from Dec 7
Nifty, Sensex post strongest weekly gains in over a year amid strong foreign inflows
Foreign investors pump Rs 45,960 crore this week in Indian stock market
Domino’s India operator Jubilant FoodWorks’ Q2 profit slumps 42 pc to Rs 108 crore
Kirloskar Industries’ Q2 profit slips nearly 4 pc to Rs 51 crore
IT Q2 results beat low expectations, but demand recovery pushed to FY28
FIIs stood as net buyers in equities as per November 06 data: NSDL
3M India Q2 profit falls 17.2 pc to Rs 158 crore; shares tumble 10 pc
Havells India surges on securing LoC for fiscal incentives Uttar Pradesh GCC-2024 p…
Saatvik Green Energy is currently trading at Rs. 361.10, up by 1.05 points or 0.29% from its previous closing of Rs. 360.05 on the BSE.
The scrip opened at Rs. 355.25 and has touched a high and low of Rs. 362.85 and Rs. 355.25 respectively. So far 239 shares were traded on the counter.
The BSE group 'B' stock of face value Rs. 2 has touched a 52 week high of Rs. 551.80 on 06-Nov-2025 and a 52 week low of Rs. 329.70 on 09-Mar-2026.
Last one week high and low of the scrip stood at Rs. 370.50 and Rs. 339.55 respectively. The current market cap of the company is Rs. 4589.76 crore.
The promoters holding in the company stood at 75.99%, while Institutions and Non-Institutions held 11.25% and 12.75% respectively.
Saatvik Green Energy’s wholly owned and material subsidiary — Saatvik Solar Industries (SSIPL) has commenced commercial production of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules at its manufacturing facility located at National Highway-16, Chamakhandi, Gopalpur Industrial Park, Gopalpur, District Ganjam, Odisha (Gopalpur Facility) with effect from November 2, 2026.
The commercial production has commenced under Phase I of the project, with a production capacity of approximately 1.3 GW of solar PV modules. The remaining capacity is proposed to be commissioned in subsequent phases. The commencement of production at the Gopalpur Facility marks a significant milestone in the company’s manufacturing expansion plans and is expected to strengthen its production capabilities, enhance operational scale, and support the company's future growth as the remaining phases of the project are implemented. 

LIC delivers strong Q2 performance, IDBI Bank disinvestment unlikely to hit bancassurance: CEO
LIC delivers strong Q2 performance, IDBI Bank disinvestment unlikely to hit bancassurance: CEO
Foreign investors pump Rs 45,960 crore this week in Indian stock market

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Investors have shown significant interest in committing nearly $400 billion to India’s green energy initiatives. Renewable energy minister Pralhad Joshi stated that this investment comes from both domestic and international companies. India needs approximately $220 billion by 2030 to fulfill its renewable energy targets. Discussions included challenges regarding solar cell availability and the ongoing development of energy storage systems.
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India requires investments of around $220 billion by 2030 to meet its renewable energy targets.

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© 2025 THE COOL DOWN COMPANY. All Rights Reserved. Do not sell or share my personal information. Reach us at hello@thecooldown.com.
“I didn’t want to drill into the roof and cause a leak.”
Photo Credit: Reddit
Pooling rainwater became a concern for one homeowner whose rooftop solar setup was intended to keep animals from getting underneath the panels.
The homeowner took to Reddit’s r/SolarDIY forum to ask fellow solar enthusiasts whether a slight tilt would help the panels, which the owner had laid flat on a garage roof.
In the Reddit thread, the original poster asked, “Is it fine for water to just sit and pool on a flat panel, or is it worth propping them up slightly (even a few degrees) to help it drain?”
The OP added, “I kept them flat deliberately, mainly to avoid animals getting underneath and wind catching an angled edge and ripping them off.”
Commenters largely urged the OP to angle the panels while securing them. One of the top comments read, “Definitely angled. What’s the problem with animals getting underneath? And why can’t you attach them to a bracket?”
OP responded, explaining that, “I didn’t want to drill into the roof and cause a leak. Perhaps just a bit of 2×4 would be enough?” After this, a third user joined the discussion, writing, “They absolutely need to be anchored down or the first good storm or gust of wind is going to have them sailing off into the neighbor’s property and you’re going to be liable for any damage they do. … With modern anchoring systems there’s very little danger of leaks if you follow the instructions correctly.”
Another commenter added, “Terrible idea. They still need to be attached or weighted to the roof, and water and bird droppings will pool on them, and they will get very dirty very quickly. As a rule of thumb, in my experience, you want an angle of at least 7 degrees for water to self-clean, but ideally 15 degrees or so.”
For homeowners considering solar to lower electricity bills, $0-upfront solar leases may save hundreds of dollars per month, depending on the household and arrangement. EasyHome offers a free explorer to estimate potential savings and find vetted installers in your area.
With energy prices through the roof, there’s never been a better time to go solar — and EasyHome can help you find the best prices from the best installers in your area.
EasyHome takes the guesswork and headaches out of energy upgrades by showing you estimated savings from a network of vetted local partners. To get started, just enter your ZIP and share a few details about your home — seeing your estimate is really that easy.
Beyond the garage-roof mounting question, homeowners can also explore battery-storage options through EasyHome. Pairing solar with suitable battery storage can help manage electricity costs by saving generated power for later use, while a backup-configured system can supply power during outages.
Panel angle is one of several practical details to consider when installing rooftop solar. 
• In Spain, a homeowner’s near-flat solar panels lost output, prompting warnings about tap-water cleaning.
• An installer tackling a steep metal roof received straightforward advice: use the rails.
• A UK homeowner worried that 15 solar panels sat too close to the roof’s edge.
Get TCD’s free newsletters for easy tips, smart advice, and a chance to earn $5,000 toward home upgrades. To see more stories like this one, change your Google preferences here.
© 2025 THE COOL DOWN COMPANY. All Rights Reserved. Do not sell or share my personal information. Reach us at hello@thecooldown.com.

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India’s renewable energy capacity to reach 530 GW by 2030, solar to drive over 80% of growth: IEA  ANI News
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Ignitis Renewables, a Lithuania-based renewable energy developer, has brought the 174 MW Tume solar farm in Tukums municipality in Latvia into commercial operation. The farm, which has been built across 302 hectares, carries more than 282,000 solar panels. Those panels have been mounted on trackers that follow the sun during the day, and Tume is the first project of the company in which such trackers have been used. It is also the first of its projects that is to be maintained mainly by its own specialists. According to the company, the farm will be able to meet the annual electricity demand of about 85,000 households. Its output is to be optimised by a 107 MW/215 MWh BESS, which is now under construction at the same site and is to be integrated with the farm.
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AXIAN, a Madagascar-based pan-African infrastructure and energy group, has signed financing agreements of €30 million (~ $33.5 million) for the IPP50 solar project in Benin. The financing is being provided jointly by IFC and Proparco, while IFC is mobilising additional funds from the Clean Technology Fund. Four solar PV plants of 62 MW combined are to be built with it at Natitingou, Djougou, Parakou and Bohicon. Once they are in operation, the plants are expected to generate about 110 GWh a year. According to the release, that output would raise the domestic power generation of Benin by about 17% over the 2028-2035 period. IPP50, which has a total cost of €45 million (~ $50.2 million), is the first solar project of an independent power producer in the country. Its electricity is to be sold to SBPE under long-term power purchase agreements, and commercial operation is to begin in the first quarter of 2028.
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It’s cranberry season in southeastern Massachusetts. At bogs throughout the region, growers are collecting the ruby-red berries destined for holiday cakes, juice bottles, and cans of jellied sauce. At two farms, however, the harvesting process looks a little different: Pickers are navigating equipment around metal poles in the shade of solar panels. 
The two bogs are the first in the country — perhaps the world — to grow cranberries beneath an operating solar installation. This fall marks the second season cranberries have been harvested from beneath the panels.

“We are literally proving it can be done,” said Prateek Tare, co-founder and executive vice president of Distributed Energy Infrastructure. His company constructed the two projects — a 4.4-megawatt array paired with a 13.5-megawatt-hour battery in the town of Kingston, and a 1-MW solar array in neighboring Plymouth. 
Solar development is a major part of Massachusetts’ plan to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The state has offered solar incentives since 2001, evolving and expanding them over the decades to drive even more development. 
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However, the question of where to site solar projects has become a major point of contention in the densely populated and heavily wooded state. Building on rooftops and parking lots in developed areas can increase costs and limit generation capacity. But proposals for arrays on previously undeveloped land often spark protests from locals worried about the character of their community and environmental groups opposed to disrupting ecosystems. Using pre-cleared farmland has potential, but raises concerns about taking agricultural acres out of production. Many of these same dynamics are at play in communities across the U.S.
One of the solutions Massachusetts has been encouraging is agrivoltaics, or dual-use solar, which involves building solar panels above active agricultural operations. This strategy, which is gaining traction nationwide, allows farmland to be used for energy generation even as livestock graze or crops flourish beneath the elevated arrays. 
In 2018, Massachusetts became the first state to offer a financial boost to dual-use solar projects like these. The state’s solar incentive program pays participants a set rate for every kilowatt-hour of electricity they generate; an array with a capacity between 1 MW and 5 MW currently gets a base rate of 23.17 cents. Agrivoltaic projects get an extra 9 cents per kilowatt-hour. 
That can be enough money to attract developers interested in leasing land for solar arrays or, less commonly, buying property outright with an agreement to keep it in agricultural use. Farmers who agree to lease are also generally paid for their services maintaining the landscape around the panels and poles. 
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In Kingston and Plymouth, clean energy developer Greenbacker Renewables bought the land, which had been home to cranberry-growing operations for decades, from farmers who were ready to get out of the business. Greenbacker then worked with Distributed Energy Infrastructure to build the arrays, and hired Iain Ward, a solar consultant and longtime cranberry farmer in the area, to manage the growing operations. Both projects use a community solar model, selling power to customers interested in the lower prices and environmental benefits offered by renewable energy.
Solar can be particularly advantageous for cranberry farmers in Massachusetts, which grows more of the fruit than any state other than Wisconsin. While sheep farms and cornfields can often be sold to housing or commercial developers, cranberry bogs are protected wetlands: Even if they go out of production, they cannot be built on. Not all bogs are well placed to connect to the grid, but for those that are, solar panels can be a financial lifeline. 
“This is a farm viability opportunity,” Ward said. 
Figuring out how to build a solar array over a cranberry bog was a unique puzzle, Tare said. The first challenge was the foundations. For most solar arrays, the foundation goes 8 to 10 feet into the ground, he said. But in a cranberry bog, you have to go well past that to find ground solid and stable enough to hold the pilings. It took some trial and error to find the right machine to sink piles that deep. Wiring couldn’t be buried in the boggy ground, so it had to be hung overhead. 
“You’re trying to figure it out from a farmer’s perspective,” said Tare, who worked closely with Ward on the design of the two projects. 
The resulting installations have photovoltaic panels mounted 10 feet off the ground on an axis that allows them to tilt throughout the day to follow the sun. Pilings are spread farther from each other than standard so that harvesting equipment can be moved freely through the bog. 
These successes in Kingston and Plymouth have led to more agrivoltaic opportunities for Tare’s company, including arrays in apple orchards, a cattle pasture, and a Christmas tree farm. Preliminary work is also underway at another bog. 
Meanwhile, a stalled cranberry solar project in the nearby town of Carver could be resuscitated. Five years ago, a different pair of bogs there were set to become the nation’s first cranberry agrivoltaic operations. The arrays were built, and crops are growing beneath them, but the company behind the developments went bankrupt before they could get up and running. Today, the new bog owner has ​“every intention to finish them,” Ward said. 
“They’re not a failure,” Ward said. ​“There is an opportunity for them to be finished.”
Tare expects future cranberry projects to get easier each time, as the company carries forward the lessons it learns. Though momentum has been slow so far, Ward expects development to accelerate soon. 
“It is picking up steam, and the lessons learned have been significant, he said. ​“When you change a paradigm, it takes a little time.”

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A research team from Canada’s Memorial University of Newfoundland has designed a solar-powered pleasure boat. The researchers developed and sized the system using a two-stage evaluation method combining energy yield estimates from HOMER Pro with multi-domain dynamic modeling in MATLAB/Simulink.
“The real-world applicability of this solar-electric drive system underscores significant environmental and operational benefits for the marine sector,” the researchers said. “By eliminating onboard fossil-fuel consumption, the proposed architecture avoids localized greenhouse gas emissions, reduces acoustic pollution, and prevents potential fuel-spill contamination in fragile marine ecosystems.”
The researchers designed the solar-electric propulsion system for an 11.8-meter-long, 5.8-meter-wide boat capable of accommodating five to six adults, taking into account solar conditions in Larnaca, Cyprus. Based on a full-load displacement of approximately 2,250 kg and a target speed of 5.4 knots, they selected two 2.5 kW brushless DC motors, with an estimated energy requirement of 30 kWh for six hours of daily operation.
Using HOMER Pro and local solar resource data showing average daily irradiation of 5.43 kWh/m2, the researchers assessed power generation, energy balance and life-cycle economics. The proposed system features 32 solar modules rated at 330 W each, providing a combined capacity of 10.56 kW across approximately 62.4 m2. The modules are divided into four independently controlled subarrays. Eight lead-acid batteries form a 48 V, 410 Ah battery bank with a nominal storage capacity of 19.68 kWh, providing two hours of backup power.
The team modeled the system in MATLAB/Simulink, connecting each subarray to a common 48 V DC bus through a boost converter equipped with incremental-conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT). A central energy management system limits battery charging current to approximately 50 A and curtails surplus generation. Hall-effect sensors and closed-loop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control regulate motor speed at 2,000 rpm. The simulations covered solar-only, combined PV-battery and battery-only operating modes, assessing power tracking, voltage stability and motor response.
“Dynamic simulation results under localized clear-sky irradiance peaks confirm that the decentralized PV system achieves a maximum output of nearly 10.98 kW,” the researchers said. “Evaluated against the logical profiles of Larnaca, Cyprus, the array fully satisfies the baseline propulsion demand while delivering a robust 39.8% excess energy margin.”
The results also showed that the four incremental-conductance MPPT controllers effectively minimized power-tracking oscillations, while the energy management system maintained DC-bus voltage fluctuations within ±3% of the nominal 48 V rating.
“While this simulation-based work establishes a rigorous computational foundation for system control and dynamic sizing, several avenues remain for future development,” the researchers concluded. “Furthermore, experimental validation through physical full-scale sea trials could be conducted to verify real-world hydrodynamic drag effects, alongside detailed techno-economic sensitivity analyses evaluating levelized cost of energy (LCOE), net present cost (NPC), capital paybacks, and cycle degradation under fluctuating market interest rates and fuel prices.”
The researchers presented their findings in “Integrated modeling and performance assessment of a stand-alone PV-battery system for a solar-powered pleasure boat,” published in Next Research.

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Save the Date: Microgrid Knowledge Conference, May 5–7 in AZ
The City of Issaquah, Washington, is advancing plans for a solar-plus-storage microgrid at Pickering Barn, a historic community facility designated as a resilience hub to support residents during power outages and natural disasters.
The project includes a planned 60-kWh battery energy storage system (BESS) that will be integrated with an existing 64.9-kW DC solar photovoltaic array. Emerald Battery Labs, a Seattle-based sodium-ion battery manufacturer, will work with the city on the battery system’s development and deployment.
The project is supported in part by a $671,000 grant from TransAlta Centralia Generation LLC.
Pickering Barn is part of Issaquah’s Resilience Hub Initiative, which identifies public facilities that can provide essential services and community support during emergencies. The facility is intended to serve as a warming and cooling center and provide other emergency resources when the electric grid is unavailable.
The city’s Solar + Storage Microgrid Feasibility Study identified Pickering Barn as a priority location for a community resilience microgrid. Installation of the solar array, completed earlier this year, represented the first phase of the project. Battery storage is the next step, allowing the facility to disconnect, or island, from the grid and use stored solar energy to support critical loads during outages.
The planned system will use sodium-ion battery chemistry, an alternative to the lithium-ion technology commonly used in stationary energy storage applications. Emerald will focus on battery integration, energy management, battery management system communications and system-level safety validation.
The company also plans to pursue UL 9540, UL 9540A and UL 1973 certifications for the battery energy storage system and support the city through permitting and procurement.
The Pickering Barn project is part of a broader effort by Issaquah to improve the facility’s energy performance while preserving its role as a community gathering place. More than 110 years old, the barn hosts a weekly farmers market from May through October and welcomed more than 37,000 visitors in 2025, including attendees at 264 events.
The city installed heat pumps at the facility in 2025 and added the solar array in 2026. Together with the planned battery system, these improvements are intended to reduce energy costs, increase the use of renewable energy and provide a practical example of how public buildings can support community resilience.
Issaquah received LEED Gold certification from the U.S. Green Building Council in 2023, becoming the first city in Washington state to achieve the designation.
The Pickering Barn project illustrates how municipalities can build on existing solar installations with battery storage to extend the role of public facilities beyond their everyday functions and provide greater continuity of services during grid disruptions.

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Deep Learning Models Reveal Accuracy Tradeoffs in Arid Solar Grid Forecasting
A comprehensive cross-location evaluation of deep learning architectures across solar photovoltaic installations in Oman has uncovered a fundamental trade-off between localized prediction accuracy and multi-site generalisation. Researchers evaluating Long Short-Term Memory networks and Temporal Fusion Transformers across ten school-based solar arrays discovered that single-site recurrent models achieve impressive accuracy when evaluated on climatically similar test locations, reaching a best root mean square error of 43.0 kilowatts and a coefficient of determination of 0.989. However, these recurrent networks degraded substantially when transferred across divergent climates or when tasked with processing multi-site data. Conversely, attention-based Temporal Fusion Transformers trained on pooled regional data demonstrated superior cross-location resilience, outperforming recurrent networks by up to 57.0 percent in root mean square error at climatically challenging desert sites. The comparative study provides empirical benchmarks for month-ahead and year-ahead photovoltaic power forecasting, establishing operational guidance for grid investment and capacity planning across high-irradiance arid environments.
Accurate long-term solar forecasting spanning month-ahead and year-ahead planning horizons represents an essential operational requirement for modern electrical grid balancing, capacity adequacy evaluations, and renewable infrastructure investment. The Sultanate of Oman occupies an exceptionally favorable geographic position for photovoltaic generation, receiving daily average horizontal solar irradiance between 5.5 and 6.0 kilowatt-hours per square meter alongside more than 3,000 annual hours of sunshine. Under the national development roadmap Oman Vision 2040, government planners target generating 30 percent of total domestic electricity from renewable resources by 2030. Despite this immense natural resource potential, renewable sources including solar and wind generation accounted for only approximately 4 percent of total national electricity production in 2023. Bridging this substantial deployment gap requires dependable predictive tools capable of anticipating seasonal generation dynamics, yet machine learning research has historically concentrated on short-term horizons spanning minutes to days rather than multi-month infrastructure horizons.
Traditional time-series methods such as autoregressive integrated moving average formulations frequently struggle with nonlinear meteorological dependencies and suffer acute accuracy degradation over extended forecast horizons. Over the preceding decade, Long Short-Term Memory networks emerged as the primary deep learning baseline for solar time-series forecasting due to their sequential modeling capabilities. Nevertheless, recurrent networks function as opaque black-box systems lacking native mechanisms to process static site metadata or provide transparent feature attribution. To resolve these operational shortcomings, researchers increasingly look to the Temporal Fusion Transformer, an advanced deep learning architecture that integrates recurrent encoder-decoder layers with interpretable multi-head attention mechanisms, gated residual networks, and variable selection networks. While the transformer architecture has demonstrated skill in short-term European and North American solar forecasting, it had never been systematically benchmarked against tuned recurrent baselines across geographically diverse sites in an underrepresented arid territory.
To establish a rigorous multi-climate benchmark, the investigation gathered three continuous years of high-resolution sensor telemetry collected between 1 January 2020 and 9 November 2022 from ten grid-tied school photovoltaic systems across Oman. Each standardized solar installation features two inverters rated at approximately 65 kilowatts each for an aggregate site capacity of roughly 130 kilowatts, paired with co-located meteorological sensors recording plane-of-array irradiance, global horizontal irradiance, ambient temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind dynamics. The monitored arrays span seven of Oman’s eleven governorates, capturing diverse climatic regimes including the coastal plains of Al Batinah, inland desert highland plateaus in Al Dakhiliyah, hyper-arid desert terrain in Al Wusta, and humid coastal monsoon zones across southern Dhofar. Ambient conditions during the logging campaign exhibited extreme environmental variability, with recorded temperatures ranging from 9.4 to 48.1 degrees Celsius, relative humidity fluctuating between 1.9 and 99.0 percent, and surface wind speeds reaching 15.95 meters per second.
Raw five-minute telemetry underwent a disciplined five-stage preprocessing protocol to prevent data leakage and preserve physical fidelity. Technicians first eliminated nighttime sensor noise and calibration drift by resetting negative power and irradiance values to zero, followed by summing the discrete outputs of both on-site inverters into a single composite power metric representing total instantaneous generation. Data streams were subsequently aggregated to hourly averages for weather inputs and hourly sums for power output in month-ahead experiments, whereas year-ahead transformer evaluations utilized daily resampling. Missing observations, which ranged from 0.52 percent at Barka to 23.32 percent at Al-Kamil, were resolved through sequential forward-filling and backward-filling. Two problematic installations were excluded from primary modeling: Nizwa, which exhibited an anomalous peak capacity of only 26.5 kilowatts, and Al-Kamil, owing to extensive data gaps. The remaining eight locations yielded individual datasets alongside a merged all-locations dataset incorporating discrete site identification codes.
Feature selection combined Pearson correlation analysis with physical principles of photovoltaic semiconductor behavior in hot, dusty climates. Global horizontal irradiance demonstrated the strongest linear correlation with power output at 0.87, followed by ambient temperature at 0.34 and relative humidity at negative 0.31. Although wind speed registered a lower correlation of 0.18, investigators retained it because airflow provides convective cooling that mitigates thermal panel efficiency losses while simultaneously modulating particulate soiling rates in desert environments. Plane-of-array irradiance was omitted because its absolute correlation of 1.0 with global horizontal irradiance introduced complete multicollinearity without offering unique predictive information. The recurrent model was tuned using three-fold temporal cross-validation on the held-out Nizwa installation, yielding an architecture with 64 hidden units, a 0.1 dropout regularisation rate, and a 168-hour look-back window for 730-hour month-ahead forecasting, trained across three independent random seeds.
The study implemented a demanding cross-location evaluation protocol encompassing 35 distinct transfer experiments, training models on specific individual sites or the merged dataset before evaluating them across entirely unseen geographical stations. For recurrent models, incorporating location identity produced a median root mean square error deterioration of 187 percent across evaluation pairs, culminating in an extreme error escalation exceeding 195,000 percent when a model trained on Al-Kihil encountered unseen test telemetry from Ibri. Because standard recurrent layers lack dedicated mechanisms for invariant metadata, they treat static site identifiers as dynamic sequential inputs, destabilising learned relationships between meteorological features and electrical generation. Conversely, the Temporal Fusion Transformer successfully ingested static covariates through specialized encoder pathways that preserved regional context without corrupting time-series processing.
In month-ahead forecast comparisons spanning 730 future hours, single-site recurrent models demonstrated remarkable localized skill, maintaining strong cross-location generalisation across closely matched climates. Recurrent networks trained on data from Ibra achieved excellent accuracy when transferred to Barka and Duqum, yielding root mean square errors of 30.2 kilowatts and 31.6 kilowatts alongside coefficients of determination exceeding 0.99. In contrast, single-site transformers struggled severely when trained on modest data volumes, frequently exhibiting errors 35 to 70 percent higher than corresponding recurrent models; the transformer trained on the limited 14,621 samples from Al-Kihil failed to converge productively, producing negative coefficients of determination and errors surpassing 396 kilowatts. However, this competitive dynamic reversed entirely when architectures ingested the merged all-locations dataset. Pooled multi-site transformer training outperformed pooled recurrent networks by 57.0 percent at Duqum, 45.3 percent at Murbat, 36.2 percent at Ibra, and 27.2 percent at Yunqul.
Evaluating extended year-ahead horizons spanning 8,670 hours revealed counterintuitive structural behavior across model families. While individual-site recurrent models exhibited expected accuracy declines over annual horizons, the multi-site recurrent model unexpectedly achieved lower prediction errors at year-ahead horizons than at month-ahead horizons across seven of the eight test locations. At Duqum, root mean square error dropped from 163.01 kilowatts in the month-ahead task to 74.19 kilowatts in year-ahead forecasting, while the coefficient of determination climbed from 90.9 percent to 94.7 percent. Researchers attributed this unexpected horizon resilience to daily temporal aggregation, which smoothed high-frequency diurnal volatility and allowed the recurrent network to learn stable seasonal cycles pooled across the sultanate. Conversely, daily-resampled transformers failed entirely at the year-ahead task, yielding negative coefficients of determination due to acute sample scarcity, as each station provided at most 1,036 daily training instances.
Beyond predictive accuracy, the transformer architecture provided essential diagnostic transparency through its integrated variable selection networks and temporal self-attention maps. Examining a high-performing multi-site month-ahead transformer revealed that the model assigned 17 percent of encoder importance to ambient temperature, 14 percent to relative humidity, 13 percent to the operating hour, and 12 percent to historical power, while relying on static normalisation scale and center parameters for 95 percent of static covariate weighting. Temporal attention layers exhibited pronounced 24-hour cyclical periodicity, confirming that the network relied on physical diurnal solar cycles. In contrast, examining the failed Al-Kihil single-site transformer revealed severe architectural pathology: the model over-indexed on temporal indicators while assigning only 7 percent importance to global irradiance and 11 percent to power output, while its temporal attention maps displayed irregular, unphysical spikes 25, 50, and 70 hours prior to prediction.
These experimental outcomes translate into concrete deployment principles for electrical utilities and solar plant operators navigating renewable grid integration. Where historical monitoring records remain confined to a single operational site with twelve or more months of verified data, standalone recurrent networks trained without location identifiers provide the lowest absolute error and highest computational efficiency. However, when grid operators seek to integrate new solar installations lacking extensive local history, or require a unified regional forecasting model across distributed assets, the multi-site Temporal Fusion Transformer offers superior resilience against severe out-of-distribution transfer failures.
The authors emphasized several experimental boundaries that outline productive trajectories for ongoing renewable energy research. Severe hardware constraints on an NVIDIA A100 graphics processing unit prevented exhaustive hyperparameter tuning or multi-seed statistical significance testing for the computationally demanding transformer, meaning default software parameters were compared against a rigorously tuned recurrent architecture. Future research will explore transfer learning from pre-trained foundation models to overcome data scarcity at daily temporal resolutions, evaluate multi-year datasets capable of capturing broader interannual climatic cycles, and investigate hybrid architectures that combine the lean parameter efficiency of recurrent networks with the auditable diagnostic interpretability of self-attention mechanisms.
Subject of Research: Deep learning models for long-term solar photovoltaic power forecasting in arid climates
Article Title: A cross-location evaluation of temporal fusion transformers and LSTM for long-term solar PV forecasting in arid environments
Article References: Zidoum, H., & Ibrahim, H. (2026). A cross-location evaluation of temporal fusion transformers and LSTM for long-term solar PV forecasting in arid environments. Energy Informatics, 9(1), Article 73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-026-00672-3
Image Credits: AI Generated
DOI: 10.1186/s42162-026-00672-3
Keywords: solar forecasting, photovoltaic power, temporal fusion transformers, LSTM networks, renewable energy, arid climates, Oman Vision 2040, grid integration, cross-location, evaluation, temporal, fusion
News Source: Blake Davidson. (November 7, 2026). Deep Learning Models Reveal Accuracy Tradeoffs in Arid Solar Grid Forecasting. Scienmag.
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Lighthouse, a subsidiary of industrial conglomerate Difare Group, inaugurated the 82 MW Faro de San Marcos solar plant on Nov. 5.
The facility, located in Baños de San Vicente, in Ecuador’s Santa Elena province, has entered commercial operation and features more than 105,000 bifacial solar modules. According to the developer, it is Ecuador’s largest operational and privately owned solar power plant.
The project spans 49.3 hectares and required an investment of $50 million in its first phase. Construction took eight months and employed an average of 400 workers.
According to technical information released during project development, the installation features fixed-tilt, dual-slope mounting structures, string inverters and transformer stations. Its installed capacity exceeds the 75 MW initially planned when the company announced the project in December 2025.
Lighthouse expects the plant to generate approximately 106 GWh of electricity annually, equivalent to the consumption of around 15,000 households, according to company estimates. The electricity will be delivered through the distribution network operated by Ecuador’s state-owned utility Corporación Nacional de Electricidad (CNEL EP).
Initial electricity customers include Corporación El Rosado, retail chain Tía and Difare. The project enables these companies to source solar electricity through the existing grid without installing PV systems at their own facilities.
Commercial operations have begun ahead of the original schedule, which called for commissioning in the first quarter of 2027. Lighthouse Península, established in Ecuador in 2024 and incorporated into the Difare Group in 2025, is pursuing further solar development. During the inauguration, Difare Group Executive Chairman Carlos Cueva Mejía announced plans for another project on adjacent land, with an estimated investment of $80 million.
The commissioning adds to a growing number of privately developed solar projects in Ecuador. In Santa Elena province, the 65 MW Río de Oro Energy solar plant began supplying electricity to commercial customers in September. Developed by GPS Group, the project represents an investment of more than $50 million and is expected to generate approximately 90 GWh annually.
Ecuador has been seeking to accelerate private investment in renewable energy following the electricity shortages and widespread blackouts of 2024. In August 2025, the government had authorized 643 MW of private renewable energy projects, including solar and hydropower. The total comprised 179.1 MW of distributed generation projects intended to supply the electricity market and 464.6 MW of self-generation capacity for corporate consumers, with the option to sell surplus electricity.
According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), Ecuador had 131.35 MW of cumulative installed solar PV capacity at the end of 2025, up from approximately 84 MW in 2024.
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Tuesday, November 10, 2026
5:00 pm – 6:00 pm CET, Berlin, Paris, Madrid
The new issue of pv magazine Global is out now!
Available in print and digital – get your copy today!
Day 1 | Europe’s Solar and Storage Markets 2027: What works where?
Day 2 | Solar + Storage Co-location: Three markets, three business cases
Day 3 | Solar Quality: Which technical risks still need better answers?
Day 4 | Cybersecurity and Procurement: What can European solar projects source in 2027 and beyond?
Friday, November 13, 2026
10:00 am – 11:00 am CET, Berlin, Paris, Madrid
As a media partner of Genera 2026, pv magazine will organize and moderate a session in Spanish in Madrid, during International Electrification and Decarbonization Week.
Monday, November 23, 2026
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Lyrebird-inspired AI controller slashes solar inverter distortion to 0.29%
Engineers have unveiled a solar power conversion system whose control software is tuned by an algorithm modelled on the defensive antics of the Australian lyrebird, and the results are striking. In a study published in Discover Energy, Satyaprasad Mohapatra, Akshaya Kumar Patra and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar report that their hybrid controller cut the total harmonic distortion of an inverter’s output current from 8.59 percent in open-loop operation to just 0.29 percent once the closed-loop scheme was engaged. The work, published on 2 November 2026, combines a photovoltaic array, an interleaved super-lift Luo DC-DC converter and a transformerless H6 inverter into a single standalone solar photovoltaic energy conversion architecture, all orchestrated by an unusually layered control strategy.
The centrepiece of the design is a controller the authors call LOA-H-ANFIS-2DoF-FOPIDN, a name that packs together several control-engineering traditions. It merges the adaptive learning capability of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, or ANFIS, with the design flexibility of a two-degree-of-freedom fractional-order PID controller equipped with a noise-attenuating filter, abbreviated 2DoF-FOPIDN. Every parameter of this hybrid controller is optimised offline by the Lyrebird Optimizer Algorithm, a metaheuristic inspired by the way lyrebirds choose between escaping danger and hiding from it. On the alternating-current side, the H6 inverter is governed by a second LOA-optimised PI controller working in tandem with a multi-carrier sinusoidal pulse-width modulation scheme, which the team credits for the stable output voltage and reduced harmonic content.
The Lyrebird Optimizer Algorithm itself is a relative newcomer among nature-inspired optimisers. Each candidate solution is treated as a lyrebird position vector, and at every iteration the algorithm probabilistically selects between two update mechanisms. The escape strategy drives exploration, pushing members toward regions of the search space occupied by solutions with better objective values, while the hiding strategy handles exploitation through small, deliberate movements that refine positions near protected spots. The authors configured the optimiser with 50 particles, 15,000 iterations and 30 replications, and set it to minimise the integral of time-weighted absolute error, a performance index that penalises both transient deviations and long-term tracking inaccuracy. The recorded computation time for the optimiser was 75.4034 seconds under their MATLAB configuration, with eight decision variables: six belonging to the 2DoF-FOPIDN controller and two to the inverter-side PI controller.
The ANFIS portion of the hybrid controller follows a Takagi-Sugeno inference structure organised into five computational layers, from input mapping through membership evaluation, rule activation, normalisation and output synthesis. Gaussian membership functions were chosen for their smooth, differentiable character, and each of the two ANFIS models, one generating the alpha parameter and one the beta parameter, implements seven membership functions per input variable, yielding 49 fuzzy rules through grid partitioning. Training used 500 samples split 70:15:15 into training, validation and testing subsets, with a hybrid learning algorithm combining gradient-based backpropagation and least-squares estimation run over 150 epochs. The resulting adaptive surfaces enforce stronger control action during transients and gentler corrections near steady state, damping oscillations as the converter settles.
Why go to such lengths on the DC side? The interleaved super-lift Luo converter is tasked with stepping the photovoltaic array’s output up from 100 volts to 400 volts, and its cascaded energy-pump mechanism with phase-shifted interleaving achieves high voltage gain at low duty ratios while keeping ripple low. Under open-loop conditions, driven only by a 10 kHz pulse generator with no feedback, the converter exhibited a ripple voltage of 30 volts, a shortcoming the authors attribute to the nonlinear characteristics of the solar module and the absence of any controlling action. Closed-loop operation with the proposed controller changed the picture dramatically: the regulated 400-volt output settled in 0.0022 seconds, rose in 0.0023 seconds, overshot by 12.22 percent and left a steady-state error of just 0.00011 volts, figures that matched closely between the MATLAB/Simulink simulation and the real-time hardware validation.
That real-time validation is a notable strength of the study. Rather than stopping at simulation, the team executed the complete solar photovoltaic system and its control algorithms on an OPAL-RT 4510 real-time simulator integrated with a Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA, providing hardware-in-the-loop evidence of real-time feasibility. The platform offers deterministic execution and synchronisation between control and measurement channels, which the authors argue makes the evaluation a closer reflection of practical operating conditions than simulation alone. Photographs of the experimental arrangement accompany the paper, and the hardware-in-loop results for both the converter and the inverter tracked the simulated responses closely.
The inverter results are where the harmonic story becomes concrete. Supplying a series R-L load with resistance of 34.74 ohms and inductance of 87.85 millihenries, corresponding to roughly 1.014 kilowatts of active power at 50 hertz, the closed-loop H6 inverter delivered a stable peak output voltage of approximately 339 volts and a load current of 7.64 amperes. The corresponding RMS values were 239.7 volts and 5.40 amperes, with voltage and current lagging by about 38.5 degrees to give a power factor of 0.783 and an apparent power near 1.294 kilovolt-amperes. Total harmonic distortion measured 0.29 percent, evaluated over 30 fundamental-frequency cycles using FFT analysis up to 1000 hertz, the 20th harmonic of the 50-hertz fundamental. The same figures emerged from the OPAL-RT hardware-in-loop runs, reinforcing the simulation findings.
Robustness testing pushed the system well beyond its nominal operating point. The team varied temperature from 18 degrees Celsius to 48 degrees Celsius and irradiance from 850 watts per square metre to 1350 watts per square metre, tabulating the resulting RMS output voltage, current and power, which remained nearly constant thanks to the closed-loop regulation. Step load changes were imposed by switching between identical series R-L loads connected in parallel, and the controller restored the terminal voltage to approximately 339 volts after each transition, with current amplitudes of 7.64 amperes for a single load and 15.28 amperes when both loads were connected. Under nominal conditions the photovoltaic input power was approximately 2.102 kilowatts against total output power of approximately 2.028 kilowatts, an efficiency of about 96.47 percent. The controller also held stable responses under plus-or-minus 20 percent plant parameter variations, converging to the desired operating point with only marginal changes in overshoot and settling time.
Stability analysis added a frequency-domain perspective. Bode plots of the closed-loop system showed a gain margin of 8.56 decibels and a phase margin of 62.36 degrees, which the authors interpret as adequate stability reserves against system dynamics, while a closed-loop pole-zero map confirmed the absence of poles in the right-half plane. Comparative step-response analysis against conventional controllers including ANN, fuzzy, hysteresis, FOPID and ANFIS schemes highlighted the proposed controller’s fastest settling behaviour at approximately 0.0022 seconds. The authors note that the 2DoF framework decouples reference tracking from disturbance rejection, that the fractional-order integrator and differentiator extend tuning flexibility across the frequency domain, and that the filtering stage attenuates high-frequency measurement noise, protecting the adaptive learning mechanism’s stability and convergence.
The study’s scope deserves a clear-eyed reading. This is a modelling, simulation and hardware-in-the-loop validation effort for a standalone solar photovoltaic system, not a field deployment on a rooftop or a utility-scale plant, and the authors themselves list full hardware prototyping, integration of maximum power point tracking with emerging intelligent control, and extension to three-phase systems as future work. The component modelling assumed ideal switching devices, identical interleaving branches and negligible semiconductor losses, and the photovoltaic cell model adopted standard simplifications including uniform irradiance distribution. The comparative assessment against fuzzy logic-PI, Type 2 fuzzy logic, ANN-PI, ANN-PID, ANFIS and ANFIS-FOPIDN schemes is presented as contextual evidence of effectiveness rather than a like-for-like benchmark under identical conditions. Even with those caveats, the headline numbers stand: harmonic distortion reduced by a factor of nearly thirty, a converter that settles in just over two milliseconds, and an optimiser that borrows its search strategy from a bird famous for outsmarting predators. For a renewable energy landscape demanding ever cleaner power electronics, that combination of intelligence, speed and measured rigor is exactly the kind of engineering story worth watching as it moves from the real-time simulator toward physical hardware.
Subject of Research: Hybrid intelligent control of a standalone solar photovoltaic converter system using a lyrebird-optimised ANFIS and fractional-order PID controller
Article Title: Advanced adaptive control of photovoltaic systems through LOA-tuned hybrid ANFIS–2DoF-FOPIDN
Article References: Mohapatra, S., Patra, A. K., & Kar, S. K. (2026). Advanced adaptive control of photovoltaic systems through LOA-tuned hybrid ANFIS–2DoF-FOPIDN. Discover Energy, 6(1), Article 98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43937-026-00215-7
Image Credits: AI Generated
DOI: 10.1007/s43937-026-00215-7
Keywords: solar photovoltaic, ANFIS, fractional-order PID, Lyrebird Optimization Algorithm, H6 inverter, total harmonic distortion, DC-DC converter, hardware-in-the-loop, OPAL-RT, power electronics, voltage regulation, renewable energy
News Source: Denise Maddox. (November 7, 2026). Lyrebird-inspired AI controller slashes solar inverter distortion to 0.29%. Scienmag.
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“Also we wonder, are some panels like Legos and can be swapped out easier than others?”
Photo Credit: iStock
Severe weather is complicating one U.S. homeowner’s plans to use solar panels to bring down high summer electricity bills.
Before investing, the resident took to Reddit’s r/Solar forum to find out which panels can withstand “crazy hail” and how readily damaged panels can be replaced.
Before collecting installation quotes, the homeowner asked the Reddit community which panels had the best reputation for reliability. 
The original poster wrote that, “The summers down here really drive up energy costs. We sometimes get crazy hail, so [being] robust is a must. Also we wonder, are some panels like Legos and can be swapped out easier than others?”
The OP noted that their annual electricity consumption was about 18,000 to 20,000 kilowatt-hours.
Commenters noted that outright panel failures are quite uncommon. One top comment read, “Solar panels of any brand rarely fail.” 
Another user noted that to avoid hail damage, “You could look for monofacial panels with 3mm front glass and bet on that over bifacial panels which come as thin as 1.6mm front /1.6mm back glass.”
A third commenter noted that, “I’m pretty sure they all have to pass a 1-inch hail impact test as part of the UL listing. Not a real-world test, but they all are resistant to moderate hail.”
With energy prices through the roof, there’s never been a better time to go solar — and EasyHome can help you find the best prices from the best installers in your area.
EasyHome takes the guesswork and headaches out of energy upgrades by showing you estimated savings from a network of vetted local partners. To get started, just enter your ZIP and share a few details about your home — seeing your estimate is really that easy.
When done correctly, residential solar can lower electricity costs, and $0-upfront solar leases may save hundreds of dollars per month, depending on the household and agreement. EasyHome offers a free explorer tool to estimate potential savings and find vetted local installers.
For a household weighing weather risks alongside summer bills, EasyHome also offers options to explore battery storage. Pairing solar with batteries can help manage electricity costs and provide backup power during outages, depending on the system’s configuration.
Panel durability is just one factor to weigh when considering rooftop solar. 
• With $350 bills and outages, one Texas homeowner turned to DIY whole-home solar.
• A Louisiana homeowner weighed a $28,000 solar investment against potential returns from other investments.
• A California homeowner facing a $1,200 electricity bill chose a $65,938 solar setup.
Get TCD’s free newsletters for easy tips, smart advice, and a chance to earn $5,000 toward home upgrades. To see more stories like this one, change your Google preferences here.
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Cox, a Spain-based water and energy utility, has agreed a programme worth an estimated $2.9 billion with the Government of El Salvador. The programme has been built on four alliances, and the first of them covers grid-connected BESS with an initial capacity of 440 MWh to 500 MWh. That storage can later be expanded to 1,000 MWh. Under the second alliance, two solar PV plants of an estimated 200 MW, which can be expanded to 400 MW, are to be developed with the state commission CEL. The third alliance covers an LNG regasification terminal and a combined-cycle plant of about 380 MW, while the fourth covers water and sanitation. Cox is to structure the financing through project finance, and the work is to be carried out over the next three years, subject to approvals.
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Tribal Business News
Business, economy, and community news from Indian Country
Four Winnebago women helped install a solar array to cut their tribe’s electricity costs. Now, Marie Kills Warrior wants to turn that experience into jobs. 
“This project has definitely planted the seed for our trainees to pursue solar as a career,” Kills Warrior, a workforce development trainer with nonprofit Tribal Energy Alternatives, told Tribal Business News. 
The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska partnered with the Native-led organization to provide hands-on solar installation training on a project that will cut energy costs at the tribe’s emergency services facility by an estimated $4,900 a year. 
The four trainees completed 10-hour Occupational Safety and Health Administration training, earned CPR and first aid certifications. 
“Although the project is completed my job is not done,” Kills Warrior said. She plans to help trainees update their resumes and find solar jobs where they can continue developing their technical skills.
The installation was Tribal Energy Alternatives’ first We Build project. Jan Scott, the organization’s construction manager, developed the effort after participating in GRID Alternatives’ We Build projects since 2018, according to a Tribal Energy Alternatives statement. 
The project was supported by a $170,720 Tribal Solar Accelerator Fund grant, with additional funding from Google. Project partners did not disclose the total cost of the installation.
The 32.13-kilowatt array consists of 54 panels at the tribe’s fire and emergency medical services facility. Tribal Energy Alternatives said the system is expected to generate about 45 megawatt-hours of electricity annually and reduce electricity costs by an estimated $167,800 over its projected 25-year lifespan.
Tribal Energy Alternatives, a Denver-based Native-led nonprofit, began developing the project with the Winnebago Tribe in 2025. The organization launched that year, bringing together GRID Alternatives’ National Tribal Program and Tribal Solar Accelerator Fund.
Tribal Energy Alternatives estimates that Native women account for less than 1% of the solar workforce.  The Winnebago trainees could serve as a resource for the tribe as it pursues future solar projects.
The new system is expected to offset about 746 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions over its lifetime, according to Tribal Energy Alternatives.  
“It was very exciting. I most definitely want to work with solar to learn more about how everything works with energy,” trainee Ravyn Kearnes-Loera said. “I’d say the most challenging part for me was the wiring, but I’ve conquered that aspect and I am more confident.”
Never miss the biggest stories and breaking news about the tribal economy. Sign up to get our reporting sent straight to your inbox every Monday morning.
Chez Oxendine (Lumbee-Cheraw) is a staff writer for Tribal Business News covering Native agriculture, tribal broadband, energy and real estate. More by Chez Oxendine
George Washington University’s International Institute of Tourism Studies has been selected for a $1.5 million federal cooperative agreement to help tribal nations,…
Navajo Technical University and Chippewa Sustainable Solutions Inc. secured $9.5 million in Small Business Administration awards to train manufacturing workers and help…
Manifest Destiny stripped Native communities of land and wealth. Oweesta’s Chrystel Cornelius makes the case for Manifest Sovereignty — and investing in…
Curtis La Chusa, chairman of the Mesa Grande Band of Diegueño Mission Indians, grew up on the tribe’s reservation in rural San…

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Why Sunrun Stock Surged 33.4% This Week  AOL.com
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The company also operated under at least three business names.
Photo Credit: iStock
A London solar company has paid a £105,000 (around $140,000) fine after placing close to 200,000 unsolicited sales calls to people on a do-not-call list.
For some recipients, the “free survey” pitch came with aggressive sales tactics and disregard for their privacy.
The solar company placed 194,379 unwanted marketing calls to Telephone Preference Service registrants from April 2024 through April 2025, according to Cambridge News.
According to the Information Commissioner’s Office, that amounted to almost 500 calls a day, prompting 61 complaints to the TPS and the ICO.
The company also operated under at least three business names. The ICO found that consent went unchecked when the company bought leads from outside data providers.
One recipient was wrongly told their TPS registration “didn’t count,” while another was told the ICO “could not do anything to [the company].” Complaints described callers as “aggressive and pushy.”
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The ICO’s head of investigations, Andy Curry, confirmed the penalty payment.
People who depend on their phones for urgent news can find unwanted sales calls distressing.
Cambridge News reported that in a complaint shared by the ICO, one recipient explained that their home phone was reserved for calls from their mother’s care home.
“They wanted to survey my house for solar panels,” they said. “My elderly mother is frail and when I get a phone call on the home phone, I always feel sick in case she has collapsed, as I only get calls from her care home on this number.”
The enforcement action comes amid a rise in complaints about automated nuisance marketing calls. According to the ICO, those complaints hit a peak not seen since 2021, with reports nearly tripling between July and September. The regulator received 4,734 complaints in October.
Other green-energy and home-improvement businesses have also faced penalties for nuisance marketing calls.
The ICO and TPS recommend avoiding calls from unfamiliar numbers and registering landline or mobile numbers with the Telephone Preference Service. Registration is free, and the ICO and TPS say people should wait 28 days for it to take effect.
Anyone who continues receiving nuisance calls after registering can report them through the ICO’s online reporting tool. The TPS also accepts complaints and shares information with the regulator to help identify businesses breaking the rules.
The Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 prohibit live marketing calls to TPS-registered people unless those individuals have told the specific organization they do not object, according to the ICO.
To help businesses follow those rules, the ICO provides direct marketing guidance and an advice generator.
Russell Roach, director of Preference Services at the TPS, urged people to report unwanted calls, saying that the TPS and ICO collaborate closely to share information and identify the businesses in violation. 
“Enforcement action such as this relies on consumers taking the time to report the nuisance calls they receive – and, in return, having confidence that those making the calls will be dealt with appropriately,” Roach said, according to Cambridge News. 
“We understand it can sometimes feel as though making a complaint about a nuisance call will not make a difference, but penalty actions like this shows that it can be incredibly valuable.
“In summary, our advice is simple: please keep reporting nuisance calls to the TPS. Every complaint represents another piece of evidence and helps us, alongside the ICO, protect people from organisations that disregard their privacy.”
Other consumers have also faced unwanted sales calls, pushy solar pitches, and unexpected costs. 
• A U.K. call-blocker seller was fined £190,000 after making more than 758,000 cold calls.
• A widow faced debt from door-to-door solar sales after her husband’s death, and the company wouldn’t talk.
• A Texas homeowner said promised solar savings became just $32 while payments reached $417.
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In a bid to keep classrooms running despite persistent power shortages, Federal Education Minister Dr Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui has distributed solar panels among 100 Basic Education Community Schools in Karachi, pledging to extend the initiative to Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Tando Allahyar.
The distribution ceremony was held at Liaquat Memorial Library, where Siddiqui, who also chairs the Muttahida Qaumi Movement-Pakistan (MQM-P), attended as chief guest alongside Director General Basic Education Community Schools Hameed Khan Niazi and other education officials.
Siddiqui said the government was confronting a mindset that not only denied itself education but also sought to deprive others of the opportunity to learn. He pledged to expand the community schools network from Karachi to interior Sindh, adding that students would receive vocational skills alongside education.
He said electricity shortages had emerged as a major obstacle after discussions with teachers revealed the difficulties faced by children from impoverished backgrounds. The 100 schools had been established without purchasing new buildings, while the solar initiative was launched to ensure students could continue learning without disruption.
Siddiqui also appealed to philanthropists to support education in the city's vast informal settlements and urged welfare organisations to provide breakfast to underprivileged schoolchildren rather than limiting their food assistance to roadside distributions.
Niazi said around 5,000 students were enrolled in the 100 schools and that teachers had received professional training, including orientation and Khan Academy programmes.
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2.6-Megawatt Solar Array Atop Old Landfill Nears Completion  Caledonian Record
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Energies Media
Cubico Sustainable Investments got the green light from the UK Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero for its Frodsham Solar project on October 27, 2026. The decision clears the way for a 100 MW solar development in Cheshire, England — one of the larger renewable energy approvals the region has seen in recent years.
The Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero approved the Frodsham Solar project on October 27, 2026, which Cubico describes as a major milestone for the development. The site sits north of the town of Frodsham, within Cheshire’s Energy Innovation District — a designation that reflects the area’s broader push toward clean energy.
The project doesn’t just generate solar power. It also integrates a battery energy storage system (BESS), a pairing that’s become standard in large-scale renewables. Storage helps smooth out the natural variability of solar output, making electricity delivery more reliable for homes, businesses, and industry alike.
At 100 MW of export capacity, Frodsham Solar clears the threshold that classifies it as a nationally significant infrastructure project (NSIP) in the UK. That label means consent had to come from the Secretary of State rather than the local planning authority — a process that’s more rigorous and typically takes considerably longer.
Cubico’s UK Development Lead, Joe Chambers, said securing consent “is the culmination of several years of hard work, collaboration and engagement.” The company worked with local communities, landowners, and other stakeholders throughout to shape the project’s proposals.
The project has also secured Phase 1 Gate 2 grid status, which strengthens its readiness for delivery. That grid milestone, combined with planning consent, puts Frodsham Solar ahead of projects still waiting on grid connections — a meaningful advantage in a crowded development pipeline.
The site sits alongside the existing Frodsham Wind Farm and the Protos energy hub. That’s no accident. The solar project is designed to complement the low-carbon infrastructure already in place, rather than develop in isolation from it.
Frodsham Solar will be able to export up to 100 MW of renewable electricity to the local distribution network — roughly equivalent to meeting the annual electricity needs of around 40,000 homes, according to Cubico.
Construction is expected to create more than 100 full-time-equivalent jobs during the build phase. Longer-term economic contributions to the region will depend on how the project fits into the wider Cheshire energy ecosystem over time. A community benefit fund will also be established, though Cubico hasn’t detailed its structure or value yet. These funds are a standard feature of large-scale renewable developments in the UK, typically supporting local initiatives chosen by residents and community groups, according to the UK Government.
The project’s design goes beyond electricity generation. Cubico’s proposals include over three miles of new permissive routes, opening up public access and improving connectivity around the site.
Extensive landscaping and habitat enhancements are planned to support local biodiversity. These measures have become a bigger part of large infrastructure proposals in recent years, as developers work to demonstrate net environmental benefit rather than simply minimize harm. Cubico frames Frodsham Solar as a project built to deliver environmental, social, and economic co-benefits alongside its core renewable energy function — though how those commitments translate on the ground will become clearer as construction planning advances.
The UK is pushing hard to accelerate its shift toward a cleaner, more secure energy system. Large-scale solar projects like Frodsham Solar contribute directly by adding domestically generated renewable capacity to the grid. Cubico’s UK Country Head, Lucas Pegoraro, said projects like this will “play an important role in increasing domestic renewable electricity generation, improving energy affordability and supporting the decarbonization of our economy.”
For Cheshire specifically, the project reinforces the region’s ambition to become a leading hub for clean energy and industrial decarbonization. Sitting within the Energy Innovation District alongside wind and other energy infrastructure, Frodsham Solar builds out a cluster that could attract further low-carbon investment over time. With development consent secured, Cubico moves into the next phase and begins preparations for construction, with ongoing stakeholder engagement planned as the project progresses.
A few key facts worth keeping in mind: the project is located north of Frodsham, Cheshire; it pairs solar PV with integrated battery storage; it can export up to 100 MW — enough for around 40,000 homes; construction is expected to create over 100 jobs; and more than three miles of new public routes are planned alongside habitat improvements. Consent was granted on October 27, 2026, by the UK Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero.
Kelly is an experienced writer with 15 years of experience exploring the big stories that shape our world, from tech breakthroughs and space exploration to climate, energy, and the fascinating quirks of science. She has a talent for turning complex ideas into sharp, memorable insights that stay with readers long after they’ve finished reading.
Kelly is an experienced writer with 15 years of experience exploring the big stories that shape our world, from tech breakthroughs and space exploration to climate, energy, and the fascinating quirks of science. She has a talent for turning complex ideas into sharp, memorable insights that stay with readers long after they’ve finished reading.
Kelly is an experienced writer with 15 years of experience exploring the big stories that shape our world, from tech breakthroughs and space exploration to climate, energy, and the fascinating quirks of science. She has a talent for turning complex ideas into sharp, memorable insights that stay with readers long after they’ve finished reading.

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By CiberCuba Editorial Team
Saturday, November 7, 2026 – 1:23 PM
A group of engineers from Sancti Spíritus has developed a “smart incubator” capable of operating on solar energy and achieving a hatching rate of 93% for fertile eggs, according to a report this Saturday by the official media Cubadebate.
The initiative comes from the private micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise electrON S.U.R.L. and aims to provide a technological alternative for small poultry producers trying to survive amid a structural crisis exacerbated by power outages.
The project originated from two master’s theses: one in Automation and Computational Systems, developed by Aslian Rodríguez Caballero at the Central University Marta Abreu of Las Villas, and the other in Applied Computer Science, led by Ángel Ramón Valdivia Hernández at the José Martí Pérez University of Sancti Spíritus.
The incubator has the capacity for 420 chicken eggs or 1,260 quail eggs, featuring intelligent automatic control, an ultrasonic humidifier, and wireless connectivity that allows monitoring from anywhere in the world.
The system operates using a client-server architecture with distributed sensors that record temperature, humidity, ventilation, gas levels, and egg rotation in real time.
“The system allows for the design of different profiles for hens, quails, turkeys, and other birds; each species has specific requirements, and the software program automatically controls all the variables of the incubation process,” explained Valdivia Hernández.
One of the most important features of the equipment is its low energy consumption: 106 watts/hour on average, which significantly reduces the cost of the photovoltaic system required to keep it running continuously, even during prolonged power outages.
“One of the strengths of the developed system is its high energy efficiency, as it is an incubator that consumes an average of 106 watts per hour. Additionally, it can operate with a solar system, which reduces the costs of the photovoltaic energy support system necessary for the continuous operation of the plant,” noted Rodríguez Caballero.
This ability to operate with solar panels is especially critical in the current context: in the first week of November 2026, the national electricity deficit hovered around 1,800-1,950 megawatts, with blackouts exceeding 20 hours in urban areas and 30 hours in rural areas.
The creators of the team also emphasize the project’s technological autonomy. “We are independent, we have our own hardware and software, we use open hardware and open software, we are the designers of the program and the electronics for the entire incubator,” stated Rodríguez Caballero.
The mipyme also developed the application Mi Granja, which allows producers to monitor the incubation process and share experiences within the community.
The project has been in development for four years and was conceived in a house on Ampliación Brigadier Reeves street, in the city of Sancti Spíritus, with the support of professors from the Central University Marta Abreu of Las Villas, as well as mechanical engineers, welders, and technicians.
The initiative arises at a time of collapse in the Cuban poultry sector. The egg production in Cuba fell from 2.717 billion units in 1991 to approximately 385 million in 2024, a reduction of 86%. In that same year, over 1.3 million laying hens died due to a lack of feed, and daily production plummeted from between four and five million units to just 1.2 million.
To compensate for this deficit, the regime imports around 16.5 million eggs monthly from the Dominican Republic, Brazil, and the United States, primarily intended for hospitals, schools, and maternal and child programs.
The national production target for 2026 is 690.7 million eggs, less than a quarter of the volume produced in 1991, highlighting the magnitude of the regression accumulated after decades of state management of the sector.
“If a producer brings 100 fertile quail eggs, they get 93 first-class chicks; and if they bring 100 fertile chicken eggs, they end up with more than 85 first-class hatchlings,” summarized Rodríguez Caballero, distilling the value proposition of a technology that, originating from a home in Sancti Spíritus, aims to expand across the entire island.
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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has announced that it will help Albania prepare a new auction for 300 MW of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity combined with battery energy storage systems (BESS).
The EBRD will assess network capacity, auction eligibility, custody regulations and market readiness for Contracts for Difference (CfDs).
The bank will also assist with auction documentation, project selection and financial close.
Albania has previously completed four EBRD-supported renewable energy auctions, securing over 800 MW. 
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EDENenergy can swap out individual battery modules without shutting down the rest of the unit.
Photo Credit: iStock
A startup based in Germany is turning 112 used e-scooter batteries into a system that stores solar energy for businesses. Testing found the batteries had lost only about 10% of their strength on average.
EDENenergy has sold its first commercially available unit, a 70-kilowatt-hour energy-storage system aimed at businesses that already generate their own solar power but have no way to bank it for later. A solar inverter is built into the unit as well, according to InsideEVs.
EDENenergy operates with just three founders and three additional staffers who work part time. The founders, who previously worked as researchers at Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, had expected the secondhand batteries to keep only about 80% of their former power.
“In mid-October, we delivered the first storage system to a customer, which was an important milestone for our young company,” said Florian Bierwirth, one of the EDENenergy co-founders. “With this storage size, we initially aim to target medium-sized companies in the region that have a photovoltaic system but do not yet have a storage solution.”
Each year, millions of batteries from e-bikes and e-scooters are discarded despite still having usable capacity, according to InsideEVs.
Inside the storage unit, the batteries don’t face the shaking and temperature swings they dealt with on the road. That absence gives them an easier environment to work in.
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EDENenergy can swap out individual battery modules without shutting down the rest of the unit. The company said it keeps track of every module remotely and can make a swap without turning the whole unit off.
For a business facing substantial losses if its power goes out, keeping the system running during a replacement is particularly useful.
By swapping in new modules whenever old ones wear out, the company can hold the system’s total capacity at 70 kilowatt-hours for years to come, according to InsideEVs.
EDENenergy’s next goal is getting its system to handle battery types from several different companies.
“To do this, the connector interfaces, battery management system, and communication protocols must be adapted for each new battery,” Bierwirth explained to InsideEVs. “There’s a particularly wide range of options when it comes to e-bikes.”
EDENenergy’s system joins other efforts to reuse old batteries and develop new ways to store electricity.
• Across the U.S., Canada, and Australia, old EV batteries could store solar energy.
• Texas adds 28 MWh of storage using repurposed EV batteries to support its grid.
• A DIY solar owner considered $150 batteries on Facebook as commenters questioned their condition.
• In Germany, a homeowner went fully off-grid with sodium-ion batteries after rejecting indoor lithium.
• Jackery unveiled a 100 kWh home battery in Berlin, expanding beyond portable power.
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Cox, a Spain-based water and energy utility, has agreed a programme worth an estimated $2.9 billion with the Government of El Salvador. The programme has been built on four alliances, and the first of them covers grid-connected BESS with an initial capacity of 440 MWh to 500 MWh. That storage can later be expanded to 1 GWh. Under the second alliance, two solar PV plants of an estimated 200 MW, which can be expanded to 400 MW, are to be developed with the state commission CEL. The third alliance covers an LNG regasification terminal and a combined-cycle plant of about 380 MW, while the fourth covers water and sanitation. Cox is to structure the financing through project finance, and the work is to be carried out over the next three years, subject to approvals.
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New tech tested in Iraq could boost energy efficiency
Shannon Cuthrell is a freelance journalist covering business and technology.
A solar panel equipped with a cooling system performed more efficiently than a non-cooled panel on hot day in Baghdad.
Summer heat is a major problem for silicon solar panels. They typically lose 0.5 percent of their efficiency for every degree their temperature rises above 25 °C. That’s a problem in hot places like Baghdad, where air temperatures can top 50 °C and prolonged sunlight can push panel surfaces toward 80 °C. In those kinds of extreme conditions, solar panel efficiency has been shown to drop by as much as 25 percent.
But new research out of Iraq could provide a cooling solution that boosts solar panel efficiency in hot and sunny conditions. The system uses a water-soaked pad behind the solar panel to provide evaporative cooling, and intermittent water spraying across its front surface to prevent overheating. This strategy can improve electrical efficiency by about 20 percent, the researchers reported in late September in Results in Engineering. The system also generated cooler air that could potentially be used for building ventilation.
Existing solar panel cooling methods, such as fan-assisted cooling and passive ventilation, can struggle to adequately regulate temperatures under extreme heat, says Deyaa M. N. Mahmood, a thermal power systems expert at Middle Technical University in Baghdad and lead author of the paper. But Baghdad’s extremely dry air offers an opportunity to use a different approach. Its low relative humidity of around 15–20 percent, Mahmood says, “provides the ideal thermodynamic environment for highly efficient latent evaporative cooling.”
Mahmood and his team’s strategy involves adding water-spraying nozzles, an evaporative cooling pad, and a temperature sensor to a photovoltaic module. The evaporative pad, made of cellulose, covers the back of the solar panel and a perforated tube distributes water evenly across it. Meanwhile, a fan draws ambient air through the pad, causing evaporation and cooling the module.

When the panel’s front surface reaches 42–45 °C, nozzles automatically spray water across it to reduce surface heat and remove dust. A collection tank recovers runoff water from both the rear pad and front spray so it can be recirculated, reducing the amount of fresh water needed.
The experimental setup features a modified PV panel equipped with an evaporative cooling pad on the back with a flexible water distribution tube. Deyaa M. N. Mahmood/Elsevier
In the best-performing configuration with a 100-millimeter-thick pad, the panel’s temperature dropped by 29.7 °C relative to an uncooled panel. Electrical conversion efficiency also improved by about 20 percent. The researchers tested the system in July, August, and September, collecting measurements during Baghdad’s hottest and sunniest hours.
The team arrived at this design after building previous prototypes, one of which used a groundwater-to-air heat exchanger to pre-cool incoming air before reaching the pad. That design, however, added practical limitations by relying on deep-well infrastructure and substantial pumping power. The latest prototype combines evaporative cooling behind the panel with intermittent water spraying on the front, activating only when needed. This allows the system to cool both sides and wash away dust without relying on energy-intensive groundwater systems.
“Combining these two methods addresses the core limitations of standalone systems,” Mahmood says. Rear-only evaporative cooling can become less effective when ambient air temperatures exceed 50 °C.
An evaporative cooling pad that mounts to the back of the panel stays wet with a water distribution pipe. Deyaa M. N. Mahmood/Elsevier
A key engineering challenge in the new design involved adapting the evaporative cellulose pad to the test rig’s 33° incline—the optimal fixed-tilt angle for solar panels in Baghdad’s latitude. Such pads are typically installed vertically in evaporative air coolers and greenhouse ventilation systems, allowing water to flow evenly downward via gravity. Installing the pad at an angle required adjustments to water flow and distribution to prevent dry spots or water channeling, Mahmood says.
Reducing the temperature of the panel by nearly 30 °C in extreme conditions is impressive, say Qiaoqiang Gan and Sunmiao Fang, materials science researchers at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) who were not involved in the research. Previous water-spray cooling efforts reported temperature reductions of about 10 °C to 22 °C and electrical efficiency improvements of roughly 7 to 24 percent, according to a study published in May in Scientific Reports.
But comparisons between cooling technologies should account for many factors. “The reported cooling performance is encouraging, but the ultimate value of PV cooling technologies should be evaluated based on their net energy benefits, water consumption, and long-term operating costs, rather than temperature reduction alone,” says Gan, a professor at KAUST.

In Mahmood’s system, the best-performing configuration increased the average electrical output of a 150-watt PV module by approximately 16.7 W. However, the system used a fan and pumps for water circulation and spraying, potentially impacting those gains. Actual power consumption and operating cycles must be considered when evaluating net electrical benefits, says Fang, a postdoctoral researcher at KAUST.
Mahmood acknowledges the shortcoming. “In our single-panel prototype setup, the parasitic energy consumed by the pump and fan actually exceeded the immediate electrical power gain generated by the cooling effect, a well-known limitation inherent to small-scale prototypes,” he says. This could be mitigated somewhat in full-scale commercial installations, where shared pumping and fan infrastructure can scale across a large array, reducing overhead per panel.
Mahmood also sees potential energy savings from integrating the system with building ventilation. “What surprised us most was the exceptional thermal quality of the rear exhaust air,” Mahmood says. After passing through the water-soaked cellulose pad, the cooled air could be directed to pre-cool Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) fresh-air intake units.
“When accounting for the secondary thermal energy saved by using the cooled exhaust air for building HVAC pre-cooling, the total net energy balance of the system becomes highly favorable,” Mahmood says.
How well the system could cool buildings remains unverified. The researchers reported an outlet air temperature of around 34 °C, which would require further cooling for indoor comfort, notes Fang.
Other deployment considerations in arid regions include water availability, dust buildup, mineral deposits, nozzle clogs, and maintenance. The reliance on powered fans and pumps could also complicate installations in areas with unreliable electricity.
Fang says the technology may suit buildings with reliable water and existing ventilation, but installation, retrofitting, electricity, and maintenance costs could offset savings in small residential or off-grid systems.
Mahmood’s team at Middle Technical University is seeking solar project developers and HVAC manufacturing partners for a full-scale commercial pilot.
Shannon Cuthrell is a freelance journalist covering business and technology topics. Her byline appears in a variety of outlets, from local newspapers and magazines to technical trade publications.

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“It gives local people the opportunity to invest in something they care about.”
Photo Credit: Edinburgh Community Solar Co-operative
Edinburgh residents can help expand the city’s solar power network with an investment of just £25 ($34). The funding goes to a community-owned project that has already saved the council almost £850,000 ($1.15 million) in electricity costs.
Next up for the community solar program are ten additional city rooftops earmarked for solar panels under the proposed expansion.
Five schools and the Royal Commonwealth Pool were among the buildings slated for new solar installations under the next round of expansion. To finance the work, Edinburgh Community Solar Co-operative has been seeking £1.13 million ($1.5 million) through a share offer, according to Third Force News.
The co-op estimated an annual interest payment of 5% to residents who become co-operative members by investing.
“This is an exciting next phase for our co-op, putting hundreds of community-owned solar panels on even more buildings across the city,” said Vicki Taylor, chair of Edinburgh Community Solar Co-op, per Third Force News. “Every installation generates more clean, green energy and helps reduce Edinburgh’s carbon emissions.” 
Whether community-wide or on an individual home, solar remains one of the best ways to save money on energy. For households considering residential solar, $0-upfront leases may reduce electricity costs by hundreds of dollars per month, depending on the home and lease terms. EasyHome offers a free explorer tool to estimate potential savings and find vetted local installers.
Founded in 2015, the solar cooperative has already developed a 30-location solar network, including seventeen schools, several leisure centers, and the council’s Waverley Court offices, according to Third Force News. More than 2,200 U.S. tons (2,000 tonnes) of carbon dioxide emissions have been avoided through the network. 
Additionally, proceeds from the solar projects have been invested back into the community. More than £100,000 ($135,000) from the co-operative’s community benefit fund has gone toward supporting schools, youth projects, community groups, parks, and green spaces across Edinburgh, according to Third Force News. A portion of the co-operative’s profits has gone to the fund each year.
With energy prices through the roof, there’s never been a better time to go solar — and EasyHome can help you find the best prices from the best installers in your area.
EasyHome takes the guesswork and headaches out of energy upgrades by showing you estimated savings from a network of vetted local partners. To get started, just enter your ZIP and share a few details about your home — seeing your estimate is really that easy.
Jane Meagher, the Edinburgh Council Leader, encouraged anyone interested in the solar program to participate. She also welcomed plans for more installations on council buildings, according to Third Force News.
For people who rent or lack a suitable rooftop for solar, membership in the co-op has offered a way to receive returns from collectively owned solar, while also helping to reduce community energy costs and air pollution. 
For homeowners looking to benefit from energy upgrades on an individual level, EasyHome also offers battery-storage exploration options. Pairing solar with batteries can help households manage electricity costs by storing power for later use and provide backup electricity during outages, depending on system configuration.
“Investing in Edinburgh Community Solar Co-op means keeping wealth in Edinburgh – generating returns that stay local and help fund community projects, rather than profits flowing elsewhere,” said Taylor of the solar co-op, according to Third Force News. “It gives local people the opportunity to invest in something they care about, making community investment accessible to everyone.”
From Denmark to Ohio, communities have been exploring shared solar ownership and ways to lower energy costs.
• In Denmark, co-operative members could co-own university rooftop solar and receive yearly returns.
• A U.K. resident was exploring solar on council-controlled roofs, raising questions about who benefits.
• In Ohio, a free solar co-op could cut Duke Energy bills by about $1,000 annually.
• In Rockford, Illinois, a community solar project saved households $98,000 and OSF HealthCare $65,000.
• In Sheffield, 10,000 council homes could receive solar panels and insulation to cut bills by £250.
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Disgusted villagers say they've been 'betrayed' after the approval of plans to build more than a million panels in what will be the country's joint-biggest solar farm. Residents in the heart of rural Nottinghamshire are facing the prospect of fields of panels within a hundred metres of their homes. Local councillors say legitimate concerns over flooding risks and the impact of the 'biodiversity park' on food production have been ignored.
Last week, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero granted development consent for the Great North Road Solar and Biodiversity Park by developer Elements Green. The colossal energy scheme will see more than 2,500 acres of land north-west of Newark – stretching roughly 6.2 miles from north to south – filled with solar panels, alongside battery energy storage and grid connection infrastructure, with a maximum generation capacity of 800MW.
It's understood Great North Road will be modelled in a similar fashion to the solar farm in Egmanton, also developed by Elements Green. Once fully operational, sometime after 2028, Great North Road will be the second-largest solar project in the country. Elements Green has said the park could power up to 400,000 homes – the equivalent of every home in the county. The estimated total cost for the project is £922m and will be privately funded.
Over the past three years, residents of Newark and Sherwood have expressed their ongoing concerns and frustrations with the project.
Results of a public consultation carried out by Elements Green in 2024 revealed that more than half of all respondents objected to the plans, with just 16% supporting the proposals.
Brenda Cox, one of the most outspoken locals opposing the park, has reacted with dismay to the news of the project's approval."We've been betrayed on this. I think it's disgusting and I'm almost at a loss for words," she said. "To be quite honest I think everyone is absolutely astounded that it has been passed through."
She added: "They don't listen, they don't listen at all, even after all of those meetings and consultations in the villages. It feels like all they're bothered about is money, not how it affects people's lives. When they call people like us nimbys, we're not nimbys, we just want to look after our countryside."
Her concerns cover everything from flood risk and disruption during the construction process to how the project will change the rural setting of the area. They also go beyond the local impact, with worries about how the approval will affect the country in the long-term.
"Think about all of that lovely land dug up and covered in solar panels," Brenda said. "We are in a catastrophic situation at the moment with food imports. The Government has been signing off these contracts left, right and centre. It all has a knock-on effect.
"So much land across Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire has now been earmarked for solar panels, and that only means that we're going to be able to grow less. We shouldn't have to be reliant on other countries – we should be growing more of our own food."
The Joint Parishes Action Group (JPAG) was created in response to the plans, bringing together all 25 parishes and communities in the affected area. Figures from a survey carried out by the group in 2024 show that out of more than 1,300 people across the whole area, more than 70% objected to the plans – with more undecided than in favour.
Liz Hopkins, chairman of Carlton Parish Council, says that strength of feeling remains, and while people do acknowledge that something needs to be done to address renewable energy needs, most would rather see solar panels placed on rooftops instead of fields.
"From day-dot we have tried to liaise and work with Elements Green to get the best possible outcome for our villages and they have listened to not one word," she said. "The applicant has been playing with planning rules not designed for a project of this scale – it just feels wrong and I'm really disappointed in them."
She said where changes have been made to the plans, they do not alleviate the perceived issues. She gave the example of fields surrounding Cromwell where solar panels will instead be replaced with new trees in an effort for the project to meet biodiversity targets. This land, she says, is classed as "best and most versatile", making it ideal for growing – but it will still be taken out of food production.
Chairman Hopkins said some residents in her village of Carlton will have fields of panels placed within 100 metres of their homes, and that concerns about flooding on the low-lying ground had been ignored.
She added: "As parish councillors we are not paid to do this, we do this on top of a full-time job, and all the other responsibilities we have. We started from absolutely nothing, learning everything along the way and we needed support to understand and challenge these plans.
"I'm tired, I'm burnt out, and it impacts every aspect of our lives. But it's not over yet – it almost feels like it will never be over."
A meeting of the JPAG group will take place soon to discuss next steps, with talk of launching an appeal. Paul Williams, a technical consultant for solar action groups, said that a successful appeal and judicial review of the decision would be difficult as both the Planning Inspectorate and the Energy Department backed the plans. However, he did say that there are now many planning conditions and preparation works which need to be met and undertaken before any work can officially begin.
Mr Williams was involved in getting the Norwell Foxholes Solar application turned down, and believes that the cumulative impact of applications across the area should be taken into account when the Government makes decisions on individual projects.
The decision of GNR follows the approval of the large-scale One Earth solar project just up the road in North and South Clifton, which will affect around 3,900 acres, as well the 800MW Springwell Solar Farm in North Kesteven.
Cllr Janette Barlow, who represents the Coddington division of Nottinghamshire County Council, has consistently opposed industrial-scale solar applications on greenfield sites and farmland.
She said: "This is a devastating blow for local residents and Nottinghamshire's countryside. Productive farmland and our open spaces are being sacrificed to meet national energy targets imposed from Westminster, while local concerns about flooding, highways, visual impact, biodiversity and the character of our villages risk being pushed aside.
"This is not about being against renewable energy. We need clean energy, but it must not come at the expense of our best agricultural land and the communities that live and work here."
She went on to say that Nottinghamshire's countryside is "not disposable" and called for "politicians who will stand up for rural communities, rather than allow national political priorities to take precedence over the concerns of local people".
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Hosie Electrical opens dedicated renewables showroom in Inverurie  Press and Journal
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Here’s hoping the new approach trickles down to consumer panels someday.
Researchers at the Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO) have discovered a novel way to design solar panels that can dramatically increase their energy efficiency. Notably, while existing studies have focused on reducing how much solar energy is lost to heat, ICFO’s research addresses another limiting factor: Boltzmann loss, or the energy lost to the light solar panels emit.
New research doesn’t mean you’ll be able to go out and buy a more capable solar panel tomorrow, of course, but considering the growing adoption of plug-in balcony solar panels in the US, improving the basics could go a long way. If it’s possible to boost panel efficiency from the current theoretical limit of 33.16 percent (known as the Shockley-Queisser limit) to the roughly 43 percent the ICFO claims its new method would enable, we could see significant trickle-down benefits for consumer solar panels, which typically perform at 20 to 23 percent. This is far from the only recent breakthrough in solar panel tech in 2026, either: Chinese firm LONGi unveiled a solar cell with 35.5 percent efficiency in July and claimed the PV cell it uses is also theoretically capable of achieving 43 percent.
At their simplest, solar panels contain semiconducting material — most commonly crystalline silicon — that releases electrons when exposed to sunlight, creating an electric current. Unfortunately, some of that solar energy turns into heat or is re-emitted as light. Scientists have explored several methods to reduce thermal energy loss, including changing a panel’s semiconductor, but the light component of the equation has so far been trickier to address.
In a paper published in Energy & Environmental Science, the ICFO researchers attempted to solve the issue by addressing “the mismatch between the narrow sunlight absorption and the wider emission cones” of solar panels. They started with an organic solar cell rather than the silicon used in most panels. By replacing the cell’s indium tin oxide front electrode with a thin silver one and converting the cell into an optical cavity, they created a cell that still let sunlight in, but emitted less light at wide angles. This improved the efficiency of their solar cell by around 0.85 percent, a modest gain in the grand scheme of things, but offers evidence that we could eventually push efficiency past the theoretical limit.
“If the emission cone can be narrowed to more closely match the absorption cone of incoming sunlight, which is exactly what our work demonstrates experimentally, solar cells will, in principle, be able to approach efficiencies close to 43 percent,” Dr. Francisco Bernal Texca, the first author on the study, said in an IFCO press release. And in a plus for anyone interested in installing their own solar panels someday, the underlying principle should apply to all kinds of photovoltaic cells, not just the cutting-edge materials available in a lab setting.

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Mohammed Saif Zaveri is Co-Founder & Director of JRST Technology
India has learned to build solar modules at scale, and cell lines are following fast. The next step is harder, and it decides whether “Made in India” solar is truly made here: the ingot and the wafer. Almost every cell made in India today still starts life as a wafer grown and sliced abroad. Changing that is not a matter of buying a few machines. It is a process discipline, and it pays to understand it before the first rupee is committed.
A solar wafer begins as polysilicon: chunks of silicon refined to about 99.9999% purity. That polysilicon is loaded into a quartz crucible inside a crystal puller, a furnace that melts it at roughly 1,420 °C under argon.
The heart of the process is the Czochralski method. A small seed crystal is dipped into the melt and drawn slowly upwards while both seed and crucible rotate. Silicon atoms line up behind the seed, and a single, flawless crystal grows: a cylindrical ingot that can run several metres long. Dopants added to the melt decide whether the ingot becomes p-type or n-type, and today’s high-efficiency TOPCon and heterojunction cells need n-type material grown with very tight control of oxygen, resistivity and defects.
The ingot is then cropped and squared into a brick, its faces ground, and the brick is sliced into wafers thinner than a sheet of paper, around 130 microns, using diamond-coated wire running at high speed. The wafers are cleaned, inspected and sorted by format, such as M10 or G12, before they go to a cell line.
Every step looks simple on paper. In practice, yield is won or lost in details: the purity of the crucible, the condition of the graphite hot-zone, the pull speed, the tension of the wire. A plant that gets these right produces wafers at a cost that competes globally. A plant that does not will be buying its own lessons at full price.
Investors often ask for a single number: what does a wafer plant cost? The honest answer is that the machines are only part of it. A working ingot-wafer plant needs:
Plants that plan all six together start up faster and reach their target yield sooner. Plants that plan only the machines usually discover the rest during commissioning.
India’s module capacity has grown faster than almost anyone expected, and cell capacity is now catching up. Upstream, the picture is very different. Ingot and wafer capacity is small, and most Indian cell makers still depend on imported wafers.
Two forces are changing this.
The first is policy. The Approved List of Models and Manufacturers is being extended upstream: under ALMM List-III, ingots and wafers are scheduled to come under the list from June 2028. For a cell maker, that means domestic wafer supply moves from “nice to have” to a requirement for a large share of the market. Plants take two to three years to plan, build and stabilise, so decisions taken in the next twelve months will determine who is ready in 2028.
The second is supply risk. Wafer supply is concentrated in very few countries, and export controls on solar manufacturing technology and equipment are tightening. A cell line that depends on a single overseas source for wafers, or for the know-how to make them, carries a risk that no insurance policy covers.
Together, these turn backward integration from a strategic option into a business necessity.
From our work on the ground, building and running an ingot plant in India and qualifying high-purity quartz, four decisions matter most at the start.
Choose the technology for 2030, not for today. The market has moved decisively to n-type. A new plant should be designed around n-type crystal growth, with the process control that it demands, rather than around yesterday’s p-type economics.
Fix the wafer format early. M10 and G12 formats, and their rectangular variants, drive puller hot-zone sizing, slicer configuration and cell-line compatibility. Lock the format with your downstream customers, or your own cell line, before ordering equipment.
Secure the consumables chain. Crucibles, hot-zone graphite and diamond wire are where many plants are quietly most exposed. High-purity quartz is the qualifier for the whole chain: if the crucible is not right, nothing downstream is. Qualify at least two sources for every critical consumable, and build towards domestic supply where it exists.
Invest in people before the plant is ready. Train operators and engineers on running equipment, ideally in a working plant, so that commissioning is a hand-over and not a training ground.
India has a short window to build a wafer base that matches its ambitions in modules and cells. The capital is available, the policy direction is clear, and demand is guaranteed. What is scarce is the process know-how and the supply chain behind it, from quartz and crucibles to pullers, wire and spares.
The companies that move now, plan the whole plant and not just the machines, and partner with teams that have done it before will own the most strategic layer of India’s solar industry. Those that wait for 2028 will be buying wafers, and lessons, from someone else.
Mohammed Saif Zaveri is Co-Founder & Director of JRST Technology, which sets up and supplies ingot-wafer plants, cell lines and the quartz, crucible and spare-parts chain behind them, across India.
We are India’s leading B2B media house, reporting full-time on solar energy, wind, battery storage, solar inverters, and electric vehicle (EV)
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4 November 2026. Source: Renew Economy.
Energy researcher Auke Hoekstra has documented nearly two decades of the International Energy Agency consistently underestimating annual solar photovoltaic output. His chart shows actual production growing almost vertically while IEA World Energy Outlook forecasts assumed flat growth each year. In 2008 the agency predicted a 2030 output figure that Chinese factories now produce every couple of days.
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The landowner of Oak Tree Farm is bringing forward plans for a ground-mounted solar farm on land at Oak Tree Farm, Croydon Lane, Banstead. A website has been set up by Kanda Consulting on behalf of the landowner to share information about the emerging proposals and gather local views. 
Participate in the consultation
Explore the proposals
The scheme could generate up to 7.1MW of renewable electricity and help increase the supply of home-grown renewable energy, making a positive contribution to tackling the climate emergency. The proposals would also include associated infrastructure, landscape planting and biodiversity enhancements.
The proposals are still at an early stage and no planning application has been submitted. The landowner’s project team is currently undertaking technical and environmental assessments. We would like to hear the views of local residents, businesses and stakeholders before the proposals are finalised. 
You can complete the online feedback survey in the Have your say section of this website until 23:59 on Sunday 29 November 2026.
The exhibition boards presented at our consultation events will also be available to view in the Have Your Say section of this website from Friday 13 November 2026.
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New instrument at Brazil’s Sirius accelerator enables researchers to observe solar cells in operation  Tech Xplore
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Rather than expand the existing system, they began looking for less expensive ways to power individual appliances.
Photo Credit: iStock
A U.K. homeowner wanted more from their solar panel and battery system because it wasn’t providing enough energy on cloudy days to get past lunchtime. 
In a Reddit post, they described a system purchased through an energy provider that includes two 5-kilowatt-hour batteries and 10 400-watt solar panels. The installation cost just over £13,000 ($17,500).
Overnight charging on the Octopus Go tariff supplies the homeowner’s 10 kWh of battery storage. 
Rather than expand the existing system, the homeowner began looking for less expensive ways to power individual appliances. Additional 5-kWh batteries would cost £4,000 to £5,000 ($5,400 to $6,700) each, they said.
Upfront cost aside, adding battery storage can save money on energy, provide more energy independence, and protect your home during outages.
For homeowners comparing those capabilities and costs, EnergySage offers information about home battery storage options, including competitive installation estimates. EnergySage has teamed up with electrification brand Qmerit to help homeowners get the best price on home battery storage solutions.
Under the homeowner’s proposal in the Reddit post, instead of enlarging the existing system, they would buy three Anker S2000 portable batteries. A home computer lab, fish tank, and refrigerator would each get a dedicated power supply.
Professional installation would not be necessary for the portable units. By the homeowner’s calculation, they would cost less than half as much as one additional battery for the existing system while supplying 6 kWh of storage.
With energy prices through the roof, there’s never been a better time to go solar — and EasyHome can help you find the best prices from the best installers in your area.
EasyHome takes the guesswork and headaches out of energy upgrades by showing you estimated savings from a network of vetted local partners. To get started, just enter your ZIP and share a few details about your home — seeing your estimate is really that easy.
Another Redditor had already begun taking a similar approach, writing, “I just bought my second S2000 on the way to buying a third, so your approach has at least one other adherent.”
One commenter saw two potential uses for the S2000: storing electricity during cheaper hours and backing up essential appliances. How long the savings would take to cover the purchase price remained a concern.
That commenter estimated a 10-year payback period for a standard refrigerator, based on the electricity savings needed to recover the battery’s purchase price.
One commenter explained that isolating a home’s batteries from the grid during an outage protects repair crews from electricity fed back onto power lines. In professionally installed systems, a gateway can disconnect the home from the grid.
For portable batteries, the intended connection is between the unit’s own outlet and an appliance, not the household wiring.
Pila offers another strong battery backup option; its plug-and-play batteries cost a fraction of a whole-home backup system.
Solar panels and batteries can provide power during an outage or enough stored energy to last the day, but the setup matters. 
• A U.K. homeowner learned blackout backup costs extra after buying solar and battery storage.
• A homeowner’s solar stopped working during outages despite battery backup.
• U.K. owners say 5-kWh batteries need grid top-ups most winter nights when solar generation drops.
• One U.K. homeowner nearly filled a 16-kWh battery on a cloudy day, questioning smaller systems.
• A U.K. homeowner’s $30,000 solar quote sparked debate over more panels versus winter battery storage.
Get TCD’s free newsletters for easy tips, smart advice, and a chance to earn $5,000 toward home upgrades. To see more stories like this one, change your Google preferences here.
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BLACK CREEK TWP. — Where Red Rock Road dead ends after passing open fields and homes, crossing above Interstate 80 and turning past a graveyard and shuttered white church, Rob Hickox told a homeowner about his company’s plans to plant 91,000 solar panels in the surroundings.
Hickox is project developer for Ampliform, which tentatively agreed to lease 589 acres for a solar project that could take two years to install and then generate 100 megawatts of electricity for 35 years or more.
Black Creek Twp. Zoning Board scheduled a hearing on Nov. 17 at 6 p.m. about the proposal for land bounded by Nescopeck Twp. line on the north, Sugarloaf Twp. line on the east, I-80 on the west and Red Rock Road on the south.
On the morning of Nov. 4 after talking with a homeowner, Hickox said he had been walking along Red Rock Road to hear what neighbors think of the plan. Even if they don’t like the project, he wants to know what might make it tolerable for them, such as planting trees as screens or setting panels farther from property lines.
“The project will meet all dimensional requirements,” according to a zoning application for the solar farm, which is proposed on land zoned A-1 for agriculture and C-1 for conservation. A map shows setbacks from the solar panel areas such as a 200 feet to an occupied structure and 100 feet from a property line. Fencing 7 feet tall enclosed nine different solar arrays spread across the map.
A legal notice in the Standard-Speaker said the site is composed of 14 parcels. Luzerne County tax records say most are owned by Black Creek Limited Partnership, which has the same address as Larock Family Limited Partnership and has granted Ampliform an option for a solar lease with 35 years, not counting extensions. Shannon Larock is listed as the property owner on the zoning application.
Hickox said some of the project will extend to Sugarloaf Twp. so Ampliform, headquartered in Ardmore, Montgomery County will apply for zoning approval there, too.
Bearded and wearing a ball cap, Hickox stopped while walking back to his vehicle at a turn in the road and pointed to a path skirting the graveyard next to St. Paul’s United Church of Christ. That’s where workers will build one of the access roads to reach the solar fields. Hickox said evergreens or other native trees could be planted there to screen the 132-year-old church and cemetery from the solar arrays.
Panels will stand 10 to 12 feet tall. Some track the sun. Others tilt up as tall as 15 feet, he said.
Initially, eight to 10 workers might arrive to begin clearing and grading land for the solar sites, he said. The sites are relatively flat and won’t require much grading. But the company will apply for sediment and erosion control permits from Luzerne County. Tree cutting and all other disturbances to natural areas will be done in conjunction with Pennsylvania’s Department of Environmental Protection to protect species of endangered bats or bald eagles, one of which flew overhead earlier in the morning.
Once workers begin installing solar panels, 50 to 100 of them might work on the site for four shifts of 10 hours a day or five shifts of eight hours on weekdays, Hickox said.
A truck can carry crates containing up to 100 solar panels so delivering all 91,000 panels might take more than 910 trips during the two-year construction period.
Hickox said the company will map a delivery route with the township, take photos of the roads before construction and post a bond to repair any wear and tear caused by the deliveries.
Justin Behrens, who accompanied Hickox, said after the construction ends one truck will arrive monthly to inspect and maintain solar panels. A former chair of the Luzerne County Republican Party, Behrens is with Access National Energy Partners, which is assisting Ampliform.
Ampliform started in 2022 as a joint venture to develop solar projects in North America. Prospect14, a solar energy developer from Ardmore, entered the joint venture with energy investors that include George Kaiser Family Foundation, Jones Family Office and Barings.
For the project here, Ampliform spun off LU-Tank LLC. LU stands for Luzerne County and Tank for the nearby Tank Road, Hickox said.
He said the company will pay tool and machine tax on panels and equipment without requiring services from the township government of other uses for the land such as housing, which brings residents whose needs add to the demands on water and sewer systems, police forces, schools and healthcare providers.
Erika Cook, who lives on Red Rock Road and has been active in groups trying to stop a powerline through her property and data centers that the line would serve, has read the application for the solar project and plans to attend the zoning hearing. She wondered what happens if fire starts in the solar fields, which are protected by small volunteer fire companies.
Hickox said panels are made of tempered glass that don’t burn, nor do the silicon components in them that generate electricity. Nonetheless, Ampliform makes emergency response plans and provides a system where emergency responders and PPL Electric Utilities can enter the locked gates of the solar fields.
The map in the zoning application shows where the solar farm will connect to PPL’s line. Hickox said Ampliform, not ratepayers, will pay any costs of the tie-in.
A study that takes up most of the pages in the application concludes that the solar panels won’t direct glare or glint to homes on Red Rock Road and Cabin Lane, to aircraft or to cars that could be heard buzzing along I-80 as Hickox and Behrens walked through the neighborhood on a day with autumn leaves but summer temperatures.
Cook, noting that panels tracking the rising sun will face her house, which is east of the proposed solar arrays, wonders if the study is correct about glare.
Compared to the data centers that Cook has been opposing, like Project Hazelnut that might use 1,980 MW, she thinks Ampliform’s project requires a lot of effort to generate 100 MW.
Her comment puts into context the enormity of data center projects. Hazelnut, for example, could consume 88% of the power generated by the two nuclear reactors in Salem Twp.
Ampliform’s solar project would, however, generate enough electricity for about 20,000 homes, and its output would equal more than one fifth of the solar energy systems added to Pennsylvania in 2024-25 when the state’s solar projects generated more than 2,000 MW for the first time.
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Ontario, Canada, bill seeks safety rules for solar panels that plug into household outlets  Yahoo
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“An older home doesn’t have to be an inefficient home.”
Photo Credit: City of Bloomington
A Minnesota homeowner’s solar panels coupled with a decade of driving electric vehicles have saved him nearly $40,000, according to a City of Bloomington profile. 
He is now helping other residents understand how to make their existing homes more comfortable and efficient.
Steven Hong, a Bloomington resident and real estate agent with 23 years of experience, teaches “High-Performance Housing,” a course on upgrades to existing homes.
Seventeen years ago, Hong began using solar panels. 
His experience with solar and electric vehicles has shaped his approach to household energy improvements.
“An older home doesn’t have to be an inefficient home,” Hong explained. “With the right improvements, we can make the homes we already have more comfortable, more efficient, and better prepared for the future.”
For homeowners exploring electricity savings through solar, $0-upfront leases can save you hundreds of dollars per month, depending on your household and available incentives. EasyHome‘s free explorer tool helps you estimate your potential savings and find vetted local installers.
A heat pump dryer, an induction stove, and other electric equipment were among Hong’s additions to his former Minneapolis home, according to the City of Bloomington.
With energy prices through the roof, there’s never been a better time to go solar — and EasyHome can help you find the best prices from the best installers in your area.
EasyHome takes the guesswork and headaches out of energy upgrades by showing you estimated savings from a network of vetted local partners. To get started, just enter your ZIP and share a few details about your home — seeing your estimate is really that easy.
Those projects gave him firsthand experience with changing both how a home produces electricity and how it uses energy. 
He is currently exploring improvements for his new home in Bloomington.
Public sessions of “High-Performance Housing” are part of Hong’s plans for Bloomington Community Education. 
His teaching experience already includes classes for real estate professionals.
The City of Bloomington recommends an energy audit as a starting point for homeowners unsure which step to take.
The assessment’s findings will help with choosing improvements based on where the home consumes energy and where it escapes.
For homeowners considering the solar side of Hong’s approach, EasyHome can help you curate competitive bids from local installers and compare options for your property.
Homeowners looking beyond solar can also explore battery storage options through EasyHome. Pairing panels with batteries helps manage electricity costs and provides backup power during outages — considerations for anyone evaluating how an upgrade could serve their household.
“You don’t have to do everything at once. Start with the things that make the biggest difference, learn how your home works and improve it one project at a time,” Hong advised.
Other homeowners have explored solar to charge their EVs and manage household energy costs. These stories cover EV charging, system sizing, and battery backup planning.
• A California homeowner’s 52-panel off-grid solar system powers two EVs, air conditioning, and a well.
• A California DIYer found that solar-powered EV charging costs 2.3 cents per kilowatt-hour.
• A Minnesota homeowner wanted affordable solar before batteries, but commenters urged them to prioritize backup power.
Get TCD’s free newsletters for easy tips, smart advice, and a chance to earn $5,000 toward home upgrades. To see more stories like this one, change your Google preferences here.
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A research team at Soochow University in China has built a portable solar-powered device capable of turning turbid, saline, oily and highly acidic water into drinking water, according to pv magazine. The prototype yielded 1.64 liters of clean water over eight hours using an evaporation surface of just 30.72 square centimeters, an area smaller than a standard bank card.
The system relies on electrothermal evaporation: an electrically powered heating element warms a surface that absorbs contaminated water, causing the water to evaporate. The vapor is then collected and condensed into clean water while salts and other contaminants stay behind in the source water.
The central innovation is an interlayer electrothermal evaporator. Rather than heating the full volume of the wet material, the researchers placed the heating element inside an internal layer of the structure, which limits heat escaping to the surrounding water and air. The study reported that this approach reduced heat losses and energy consumption by close to two-thirds relative to a conventional electrothermal evaporator that heats the material volumetrically.
The device draws on two forms of solar energy at once. Foldable solar cells generate electricity for the electrothermal evaporator, while a foldable Fresnel lens concentrates sunlight directly onto the evaporation surface. The study did not disclose the rated capacity or electrical specifications of the photovoltaic system.
When concentrated solar energy is taken into account, the device reached an apparent energy efficiency of 93.31% and a water production rate of 69.46 liters per square meter per hour. Under concentrated sunlight, evaporation rates exceeded 90 kilograms per square meter per hour.
Outdoor trials with the small-scale prototype were carried out on selected days in January and February 2025. The team tested sediment-laden water, oil-contaminated water, highly saline wastewater, strongly acidic water and real seawater, analyzing samples before and after treatment.
Because the device combines photovoltaic modules with an optical concentration system, it can run without a grid connection or an external fuel supply. The researchers indicated the setup could suit locations where conventional water infrastructure is damaged or unavailable, and could serve as a portable treatment option in emergencies such as floods, earthquakes and conflicts where safe drinking water access is disrupted.
The findings were published in Nature Water under a title describing a solar-operated interlayer electrothermal evaporator for instant high-flux freshwater production across multiple scenarios. The researchers noted that the results establish the feasibility of the concept, but that larger systems and longer-term testing in real-world conditions are needed before large-scale deployment can be assessed.
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Fujiyama Power is strengthening its solar supply chain by expanding power electronics capacity to 2 GW and investing ₹350 crore into a 1.2 GW solar cell plant. Supported by 130.1% YoY revenue growth in Q2 FY27 to ₹1,306.8 crore, the company aims to reduce component dependence and capture expanding domestic solar demand.
Market snapshot: Fujiyama Power Systems Limited is scaling its rooftop solar and power electronics infrastructure through strategic manufacturing expansion and backward integration. The company has commissioned 2 GW of Power Electronics manufacturing capacity and initiated a ₹350 crore investment for a 1.2 GW TOPCon solar cell plant at Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh.
Fujiyama Power's strategy to move upstream into solar cell production addresses critical supply chain bottlenecks in India's rooftop solar segment. Internalizing cell production directly mitigates global input price volatility, allowing the company to defend its operating margins while serving growing B2C solar demand.
Increased domestic manufacturing capacity strengthens Fujiyama Power's alignment with government renewable energy mandates and domestic content requirement norms. This operational scale enables higher margin protection and market share gains against non-integrated solar assemblers.
Market Bias: Bullish
Fujiyama Power demonstrates strong revenue growth of 130.1% YoY in Q2 FY27 to ₹1,306.8 crore, backed by the commissioning of 2 GW Power Electronics capacity and a ₹350 crore investment in 1.2 GW backward-integrated solar cell capacity.
Overweight: Renewable Energy, Solar Capital Goods, Power Electronics
Trigger Factors:
Time Horizon: Medium-term (3-12 months)
India's rooftop solar sector is seeing accelerated adoption driven by policy incentives and rising energy demand. Manufacturers prioritizing backward integration into solar cells gain a structural cost advantage over pure-play assembly units facing global supply line shifts.
Fujiyama Power commissioned 2 GW Power Electronics capacity at Ratlam in Q2 FY27 and announced a ₹350 crore capex for a 1.2 GW TOPCon solar cell manufacturing plant. Additionally, the company approved a ₹5 crore investment in associate firm Zayo Energy.
By executing backwards-integrated manufacturing alongside capacity expansion, Fujiyama Power positions itself to capture expanding renewable energy demand with reinforced supply security.
High Performance Trading with SAHI.
Disclaimer: This news section may include AI-generated or AI-assisted news, summaries, drafts, or insights. All content is subject to human review before publication. While we aim for accuracy, readers should independently verify information before relying on it.
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HNN – Solar power is rapidly developing, becoming one of the important energy sources in the global energy transition. With a large market, expanding production capacity, and rising electricity demand, Asia is playing a prominent role in this trend. Many new policies and development models are being implemented, opening up opportunities to diversify supply sources and promote the clean energy industry.
Asia leads the race.
According to the “Photovoltaic Application Trends 2026” report published by the International Photovoltaic Technology Partnership (IEA-PVPS), the total installed solar power capacity globally reached approximately 2.96 TW by the end of 2025. Notably, China continues to be the world’s largest photovoltaic market, far surpassing other countries, reaching 415 GW of installed capacity in 2025 and accounting for approximately 60% of the total global installed capacity.
India is also accelerating its growth. With approximately 54 GW of installed capacity by 2025, the country has risen to second place globally; followed by the US with 43 GW, Germany with 18 GW, and Pakistan with around 14 GW.
This shows that Asia holds many advantages in the solar power industry. From large-scale markets like China and India, solar power is rapidly expanding in many countries in the region.
In Southeast Asia, electricity demand is increasing due to urbanization and industrial development, while dependence on imported energy sources and geopolitical uncertainties are creating an urgent need for energy security. In this context, developing renewable energy sources, including solar power, is seen as a way to diversify supply, reduce reliance on imported fuels, and meet the region’s growing electricity demand.
According to the 9th ASEAN Energy Outlook (AEO9) report, published in October 2026, the region aims to achieve a 30% share of renewable energy in its total primary energy supply and a 45% share of renewable energy in its total installed power capacity by 2030. Solar power is identified as a key contributor to these goals.
Many markets have seen positive movement. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), in the first quarter of 2026, the Philippines became China’s second-largest importer of solar panels, with imports approximately three times higher than the same period the previous year. This reflects the rapidly increasing demand for equipment for solar power projects, indicating a broader reorientation in the country’s energy strategies.
Along with the “Guidelines for Installing Floating Solar Panels on Reservoirs and Lakes in Malaysia 2026” developed by the National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Malaysia is promoting the development of floating solar power. The guidelines are intended as a reference document for stakeholders in planning and implementing floating solar power projects in a systematic, safe, and sustainable manner.
Meanwhile, the Singaporean government has decided to raise its solar energy deployment target to 3 GWp by 2030, boosting efforts to install solar systems on more viable surfaces. This includes utilizing all suitable rooftops, land, and water bodies. Currently, rooftop solar systems account for over 80% of the total installed capacity in the country.
On October 27th, Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul presided over the launch of the “Solar Energy for the People Initiative.” The program aims to enable one million households nationwide to generate their own electricity from solar power, thereby boosting income from green energy sources. Anutin Charnvirakul affirmed: “Promoting clean and renewable energy is one of the key policies of the Thai government, and also a crucial issue globally, with the goal of strengthening Thailand’s energy security.”
In Vietnam, in response to the need to ensure energy security and meet the growing demand for electricity, the Government Office issued Official Letter No. 10790/VPCP-CN dated October 22, 2026, conveying the Prime Minister’s directive on immediately implementing solutions to ensure electricity supply during the 2027-2030 period. Specifically, the Ministry of Industry and Trade is directed to focus on guiding and urging ministries, agencies, and localities to concentrate on developing rooftop solar power at households, offices, production and business establishments, ensuring compliance with the Prime Minister’s directive, and encouraging the installation of energy storage systems to reduce peak-hour load and increase the self-sufficiency of local power sources.
Opportunities for development
Each country in the region is choosing a solar power development strategy that suits its land conditions, electricity demand, and investment capacity. Besides expanding large-scale plants, models such as rooftop solar, floating solar, and integrated storage systems are opening up more room for the clean energy market. This process also creates opportunities to attract investment, develop technical service industries, and participate more deeply in the energy technology supply chain.
However, to effectively harness that potential, significant investment in transmission and storage infrastructure is necessary. At the regional level, connecting the power systems of different countries also opens up avenues for long-term cooperation. Through the ASEAN Power Grid (APG), countries can enhance cross-border electricity exchange, share resources, and better exploit the potential of renewable energy.
At the Singapore International Energy Week (SIEW 2026) conference on October 26th, ASEAN Secretary-General Kao Kim Hourn also emphasized that developing the ASEAN Power Group (APG) is one of the region’s energy cooperation priorities, alongside diversifying supply sources, improving energy efficiency, and mobilizing financial resources from partners. This shows that the energy transition in ASEAN requires not only the individual efforts of each country but also coordination in planning, investment, and operation of the power system.
Along with opportunities for developing power generation projects, solar power also creates room for expanding production capacity and participating more deeply in the clean energy technology supply chain. According to the IEA, Southeast Asia is currently the world’s third largest producer of photovoltaic modules, after China and India. The existing production base facilitates countries in continuing to attract investment, acquire technology, develop supporting industries, and create more jobs.
To realize these opportunities, the ability to mobilize capital and build a stable investment environment will play a crucial role. Data from the ASEAN Energy Centre (ACE) indicates that the financing costs for clean energy projects in ASEAN are currently at least twice as high as in developed economies. Therefore, countries need to reform policies and legal frameworks, strengthen the infrastructure for project implementation, minimize investment risks, and apply financial instruments. This will be significant in transforming solar power potential into concrete projects.
The race to develop solar power is opening up many opportunities for Asian economies, from expanding power generation capacity to developing manufacturing industries and connecting the region’s power grid. To realize this potential, countries need to refine policies, upgrade infrastructure, and attract investment, thereby contributing to ensuring energy security, promoting sustainable development, and enhancing Asia’s position in the global clean energy supply chain.
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The main pergola rises 35 metres and weighs about 33 tonnes. A construction update reports that photovoltaic panels now cover most of its central section, while the edges remain uncovered. Its planned photovoltaic surface covers 2,500 square metres.
Part of the second pergola has also been assembled, according to the YouTube channel @viajareslomio. It is planned for the southern end of the project, with a diameter of 25 metres and three metal supports resting on the tunnel walls.
The design for this smaller structure includes rings fitted with water-misting clusters. Its upper section is intended to be illuminated at night, while the misting system is planned to cool visitors during the summer months.
The northern pergola has a different role: its planned photovoltaic surface covers 2,500 square metres. Both structures form part of Parque Castellana, a project that envisages putting part of the Paseo de la Castellana underground between calle Sinesio Delgado and the Nudo Norte of the M-30.
Above the buried section, the plan provides for a green area about 675 metres long and 90 metres wide, covering roughly 70,000 square metres. It is intended to connect the area around the five towers with the former San Cristóbal colony, while also linking it to a future business district planned under Madrid Nuevo Norte. The proposal also includes linked recreation and walking areas, with access on both sides of the avenue.
The landscaping plans include 787 new trees, which would bring the total to more than 1,000 when existing trees are counted. More than 38,000 shrubs are also planned. Madrid’s reported timetable sets December 2026 for the reopening of road traffic through the new tunnel and April 2027 for full completion of Parque Castellana. A separate Icomos review examined the visual effect of an intervention on Santiago’s gargoyles; the Castellana project instead sets out plans for a new public green space.
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Chinese solar module manufacturer Longi has developed a perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell using specially designed molecules that suppress excessive molecular stacking while maintaining efficient charge transport.
“This molecular design promotes the formation of a uniform, well-organized self-assembled monolayer (SAM), even on rough, pyramid-textured surfaces,” Longi researcher Bo He told pv magazine. “By balancing molecular packing and surface coverage, the engineered interface improves energy-level alignment for faster charge extraction, reduces defects through molecular flexibility, and provides a stable foundation for the growth of high-quality perovskite films.”
The researchers explained that conventional SAM molecules often suffer from excessive aggregation, resulting in uneven coverage on textured silicon surfaces. To address this limitation, they designed molecules with controlled molecular twisting and conjugation. They developed four SAM derivatives – TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3 – based on the commonly used 4PACz molecule.
TC2 offered the best balance between molecular packing, substrate adhesion and charge transport, as its structure combines a conjugated backbone with a moderately twisted phenyl side group. Molecular simulations showed surface coverage of 83.1%, compared with 75.0% for TC1 and 73.3% for TC3. Experimental measurements confirmed that TC2 achieved more than 80% coverage and exhibited strong anchoring stability.
The improved molecular arrangement also enhanced the electronic properties of the interface between the indium tin oxide (ITO) layer and the perovskite absorber. In particular, TC2 modified the ITO work function and provided favorable energy-level alignment for efficient hole extraction. This strengthened the internal electric field, accelerating charge separation and transport, while improved interface coverage reduced defects and suppressed charge recombination.
The analysis also showed that TC2 promoted slower, more controlled perovskite crystallization, producing larger, more uniform grains with higher crystallinity. The resulting films exhibited improved phase uniformity and reduced nonradiative recombination. Photoluminescence measurements showed a quantum yield of 1.46% and a quasi-Fermi level splitting of 1.292 eV, the highest values among the tested SAMs.
Using this molecular engineering approach, the researchers fabricated a two-terminal monolithic tandem solar cell combining a perovskite top cell with a heterojunction (HJT) bottom cell.
The device features a textured silicon bottom cell coated with an ITO recombination layer, followed by a TC2-based SAM serving as the hole-selective contact. The perovskite absorber is deposited on the SAM and covered with a lithium fluoride (LiF) interlayer, a fullerene (C60) electron transport layer and a tin oxide (SnOx) buffer layer. The stack is completed with a transparent indium zinc oxide (IZO) electrode, a silver (Ag) contact and a magnesium fluoride (MgFx) optical coating.
Under standard test conditions, TC2-based devices achieved an average open-circuit voltage of 2.007 V and a fill factor of 84.30%, outperforming cells based on 4PACz, TC1 and TC3. The champion device reached a power conversion efficiency of 35.31%, with a short-circuit current density of 20.82 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 2.007 V and a fill factor of 84.53%.
Independent testing by China’s National Center of Inspection on Solar Photovoltaic Products Quality (CPVT) certified a reverse-scan efficiency of 35.25%, a fill factor of 84.98% and a stabilized efficiency of 35.13%. External quantum efficiency measurements confirmed effective light absorption and current generation in both subcells.
Stability tests also demonstrated improved resistance to light-induced degradation and phase segregation in TC2-based perovskite films. The tandem devices retained 94% of their initial efficiency after 1,500 hours of continuous operation under the ISOS-L-1 protocol and 82% after 1,000 hours at 65 C under the ISOS-L-2 protocol.
“Overall, the results demonstrate that optimized molecular interface engineering can simultaneously improve the efficiency, charge transport and operational stability of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells,” He said.
The cell technology is described in “Conjugation-regulated self-assembled molecules for tandem solar cells,” published in Nature. Researchers from China’s Soochow University, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Hong Kong Polytechnic University participated in the study.
The new development builds on a series of advances in molecular interface engineering for perovskite photovoltaics. In September, an international research team involving Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Northwestern Polytechnical University developed a symmetry-breaking molecular strategy that improved SAM coverage by combining symmetric and asymmetric molecules. The resulting inverted perovskite solar cell achieved an efficiency of 26.32%, with a certified value of 25.67%, while retaining 93% of its initial performance after 1,150 hours of operation.
In December 2025, researchers led by Northwestern Polytechnical University developed a perovskite-silicon tandem cell with a certified efficiency of 31.71%. Their approach relied on chemical polishing to selectively remove residual lead iodide from the perovskite absorber, reducing recombination losses and improving film uniformity. Around the same time, a team led by Soochow University achieved 32.3% efficiency using a steric-complementary interface design combining small, flexible molecules for defect passivation with larger molecules providing protection against environmental degradation. The device achieved a certified efficiency of 32.12%.
More recently, Longi and Soochow University developed a 34.0%-efficient tandem cell using a dual-anchored interface incorporating zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles between the transparent conductive oxide and the SAM. The approach reduced interfacial recombination and leakage while maintaining efficient charge extraction. The device achieved an open-circuit voltage of 1.997 V and retained 84% of its initial efficiency after 2,000 hours of operation.
Longi has also continued to advance tandem cell efficiency. In April 2025, the manufacturer achieved a certified efficiency of 34.85% for a two-terminal perovskite-silicon device, using a bilayer passivation strategy based on lithium fluoride and ethylenediammonium diiodide. In July 2026, the company raised its tandem cell efficiency record to 35.5%, with the result independently certified by the European Solar Test Installation (ESTI).
Alongside its tandem research, Longi has made progress in conventional crystalline silicon technology. In November 2025, the company disclosed the technical details of its 27.81%-efficient silicon solar cell, based on a hybrid interdigitated back-contact architecture combining passivated tunneling contacts, dielectric passivation layers and optimized carrier transport.
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Tuesday, November 10, 2026
5:00 pm – 6:00 pm CET, Berlin, Paris, Madrid
The new issue of pv magazine Global is out now!
Available in print and digital – get your copy today!
Day 1 | Europe’s Solar and Storage Markets 2027: What works where?
Day 2 | Solar + Storage Co-location: Three markets, three business cases
Day 3 | Solar Quality: Which technical risks still need better answers?
Day 4 | Cybersecurity and Procurement: What can European solar projects source in 2027 and beyond?
Friday, November 13, 2026
10:00 am – 11:00 am CET, Berlin, Paris, Madrid
As a media partner of Genera 2026, pv magazine will organize and moderate a session in Spanish in Madrid, during International Electrification and Decarbonization Week.
Monday, November 23, 2026
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Minnesota homeowner says solar panels and a decade of driving EVs saved him nearly $40,000  Yahoo
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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has announced that it will help Albania prepare a new auction for 300 MW of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity combined with battery energy storage systems (BESS).
The EBRD will assess network capacity, auction eligibility, custody regulations and market readiness for Contracts for Difference (CfDs).
The bank will also assist with auction documentation, project selection and financial close.
Albania has previously completed four EBRD-supported renewable energy auctions, securing over 800 MW. 
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Gas affected Spain’s electricity market in only 9% of hours.
Photo Credit: iStock
Solar power helped Spain avoid an estimated €17.02 billion ($19.10 billion) in wholesale electricity costs over 18 months, according to the country’s solar industry association.
Without it, the group estimated that average wholesale prices would have been 86% higher.
Spain’s solar association, UNEF, calculated an average day-ahead electricity price of €60.2 ($67.55) per megawatt-hour from January 2025 through June 2026, as Saur Energy reported. Without solar, that figure would have reached roughly €112 ($125.67).
Electricity buyers pay a lower market price when solar output replaces costlier gas-fired generation. That substitution is possible because solar panels have low operating costs.
Using electricity where it is generated reduces demand for power from the market — a practice known as self-consumption. According to Saur Energy, UNEF attributed €14.23 billion in savings to electricity generated by solar, with self-consumption accounting for another €2.79 billion.
For households, residential solar can also lower electricity expenses, and $0-upfront solar leases may offer savings of hundreds of dollars per month, depending on the home and agreement. EasyHome offers a free explorer tool to estimate potential savings and find vetted local installers.
An analysis by energy think tank Ember, reported by Saur Energy, found that gas affected Spain’s electricity market in only 9% of hours from January through May 2026, down from 52% in 2021. In Italy, the comparable figure was 75%.
Avoiding gas imports also means relying less on fuel supplied from abroad. Wind and solar also helped Spain avoid approximately 918 billion cubic feet (26 billion cubic meters) of gas imports between 2020 and 2024, saving €13.5 billion, according to Ember.
With energy prices through the roof, there’s never been a better time to go solar — and EasyHome can help you find the best prices from the best installers in your area.
EasyHome takes the guesswork and headaches out of energy upgrades by showing you estimated savings from a network of vetted local partners. To get started, just enter your ZIP and share a few details about your home — seeing your estimate is really that easy.
According to Saur Energy, data from grid operator Red Eléctrica, relayed by Ember, showed that annual balancing costs rose from €1.3 billion in 2021 to €3.8 billion in 2025. Over the same period, the amount of renewable electricity curtailed — available generation that went unused — increased from 0.1 to 4.6 terawatt-hours.
According to Saur Energy, neighboring Portugal has required large-scale battery projects to provide grid-forming capability and opened a storage tender for 1 gigawatt.
Solar developer Sonnedix has also begun commercial operations at two projects combining solar and storage in Portugal as the government turns to batteries to strengthen grid reliability. Storage allows solar electricity to be used beyond the hours when panels produce it.
At home, the same pairing can help households manage electricity costs while providing backup power during outages. EasyHome lets homeowners explore battery-storage options alongside solar, compare competitive bids from local installers, and consider a setup suited to their needs.
India, another expanding solar market, has set a storage target of 206 gigawatt-hours for 2030, according to Saur Energy.
Spain’s wholesale savings are just one part of solar’s impact on electricity costs. 
• In Texas and California, solar cut power prices, but delivery costs kept bills rising.
• In Spain, a DIYer wants balcony solar and storage to capitalize on cheap electricity.
• In emerging markets, solar now beats fossil fuels on upfront costs, with cheaper financing.
• U.S. rooftop solar grew fivefold in a decade, with California still generating 37% of it.
Get TCD’s free newsletters for easy tips, smart advice, and a chance to earn $5,000 toward home upgrades. To see more stories like this one, change your Google preferences here.
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Relationship between modules temperature coefficient of power and capacity factor.
Reliable water supplies depend on reliable electricity, yet many Nigerian communities and institutions face limited grid access and costly pumping operations. Renewable energy offers alternatives, and previous studies have examined solar panels, wind turbines and waste-derived biogas for electricity generation and water pumping. However, assessments have often covered few locations, compared limited equipment options or emphasized resource availability without fully considering costs. Wind assessments also require accurate estimates of how speed varies with turbine height. Broader comparisons are therefore needed to guide technology selection across Nigeria’s diverse climatic and geographical conditions.

A study (DOI: 10.48130/een-0026-0019) published in Energy & Environment Nexus on 20 October 2026 by Richard Oladayo Olarewaju’s team, Abiola Ajimobi Technical University, identifies solar photovoltaics as the most economical pumping-energy option at the six study sites and documents location-specific differences in wind shear.

Researchers used 11 years of NASA wind-speed and solar-irradiation data, covering 2014–2024, to model renewable electricity generation at university sites in Ibadan, Abakaliki, Benin City, Abuja, Bauchi and Dutse. Simulations in MATLAB compared nine commercial wind turbines and ten photovoltaic modules. Pumping power requirements were extrapolated from a reference pumping system using site populations, while biomass generation was estimated from municipal waste availability and anaerobic digestion models that calculate biogas production. The analysis compared capacity factors, which describe output relative to rated capacity, and unit electricity costs incorporating investment, operation and maintenance assumptions. Wind measurements at 10 and 50 metres were also used to calculate wind shear across Nigeria’s 36 state capitals and the Federal Capital Territory. Additional analyses examined equipment selection, financing conditions, annual changes and seasonal resource variability. Among photovoltaic modules, the Panasonic model achieved the highest capacity factor at every site, ranging from 15.08% in Benin City to 19.09% in Dutse. Its relatively low temperature-related power losses helped explain this performance. The EWT DW 54 turbine led the wind comparison, with capacity factors ranging from 3.72% in Benin City to 43.85% in Bauchi, reflecting its ability to reach rated output at comparatively low wind speeds. Nevertheless, the baseline cost comparison favored solar: biomass electricity cost US$0.42–1.11 per kilowatt-hour, while wind cost US$1.84–8.58. Selecting turbines for maximum capacity factor substantially reduced wind electricity costs at several sites, demonstrating that matching equipment only to pumping demand can overlook more productive configurations. Separately, wind shear exponents ranged from 0.10 in Calabar to 0.48 in Asaba, indicating that a single assumed value could misrepresent local wind conditions. The biomass sensitivity analysis showed increasing electricity costs as discount rates rose, highlighting the importance of financing assumptions alongside resource quality when evaluating renewable pumping projects and comparing their long-term economic performance under different local operating conditions.

Overall, the study provides a comparative planning framework rather than a universal prescription for renewable water pumping. Its results support prioritizing solar assessments at the six investigated sites while emphasizing that turbine characteristics, local wind profiles, waste availability and financing can alter project economics. By combining resource assessment with equipment and cost comparisons, the work offers a basis for more targeted feasibility studies and better-informed investment in renewable-powered water infrastructure.
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References
DOI
10.48130/een-0026-0019
Original Source URL
https://doi.org/10.48130/een-0026-0019
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Energy & Environment Nexus (e-ISSN 3070-0582) is a multidisciplinary journal for communicating advances in the science, technology and engineering of energy, environment and their Nexus.
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Saatvik Green Energy Limited has reported revenue of ₹902.6 crore and profit after tax of ₹20.2 crore for the second quarter of FY27. The company also announced the commencement of commercial production at its Odisha solar module manufacturing facility and said its confirmed order book stood at 6.68 GW as of September 2026.
During Q2 FY27, the company produced 658 MW of solar modules and recorded sales of 640 MW. In the corresponding quarter of FY26, production was 792 MW and sales were 538 MW. Capacity utilisation stood at approximately 58.5%, compared with 83.1% a year earlier.
For the first half of FY27, production totalled 1,066 MW and sales reached 973 MW, against 1,477 MW and 1,137 MW, respectively, in H1 FY26. The company added 1.76 GW of new orders and executed 0.97 GW during the six-month period. Saatvik secured a ₹1,041.63 crore order from Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) in September for 600 MWp of solar modules manufactured using domestic solar cells. The order is scheduled for execution by December 2027. Other orders included ₹476 crore from Vikran Engineering, ₹297.5 crore and ₹190 crore from independent power producers and EPC companies, and ₹138 crore for domestic solar modules.
After the quarter, the company received an order worth approximately ₹100 crore, excluding GST, from Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited for 5,000 off-grid DC solar water pumping systems under the Magel Tyala Saur Krushi Pump Yojana and PM-KUSUM B scheme.
Commercial production of solar PV modules began at the Gopalpur facility on November 2 through wholly owned material subsidiary Saatvik Solar Industries Private Limited. Approximately 1.3 GW of the Phase I module capacity is operational, with the full 4 GW expected by December 2026. Equipment installation, testing and validation are under way. Trial runs have also started on the facility’s 2.4 GW solar cell line, with production ramp-up targeted for December.
The company has applied for ALMM List-II enlistment for the cell facility, with inspection expected in November, subject to approval by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. It has also signed an MoU with the Government of Odisha for an additional 3.6 GW solar cell facility at Gopalpur, targeted for completion by the start of FY28.
At REI Expo 2026, Saatvik introduced its Quad-Cut TOPCon 3.0 Dual Glass Bifacial module, offering output of up to 670 Wp and module efficiency of up to 24.8%. CEO Prashant Mathur said the first half of FY27 was a period of investment as the company expanded its manufacturing base. He said the Odisha project would improve access to domestic cells and strengthen supply-chain control.
Saatvik currently operates a 4.8 GW module manufacturing facility in Ambala, Haryana. Its expansion plans include increasing encapsulant capacity from 2 GW to 5 GW by FY28 and developing 6 GW of ingot and wafer capacity by FY29. Saatvik Green Energy Limited is one of India’s leading solar photovoltaic module manufacturers, serving utility-scale, commercial and industrial, EPC and distributed solar markets.
The company operates a 4.8 GW module manufacturing facility in Ambala, Haryana, and has commenced commercial production at its integrated manufacturing facility in Odisha. The Odisha facility has a planned module capacity of 4 GW, of which approximately 1.3 GW is operational, along with 2.4 GW of solar cell capacity under Phase I. A further 3.6 GW of solar cell capacity is planned under Phase II. Through these investments, Saatvik aims to develop a fully integrated cell-to-module manufacturing platform, with a focus on technology, product quality and manufacturing capabilities to support India’s renewable energy sector.
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EarthTalk: Besides Giving The View And Letting In Light, Solar Windows Power Buildings  The Bradenton Times
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